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The development of quantum computing systems has been a staple of academic research since the mid-1990s when the first proposal for physical platforms were proposed using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Ion-Trap hardware. These first…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-01 Simon J. Devitt

The vision of a quantum internet is to fundamentally enhance Internet technology by enabling quantum communication between any two points on Earth. While the first realisations of small scale quantum networks are expected in the near…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-09-19 Wojciech Kozlowski , Stephanie Wehner

We use the benefits and components of classical computers every day. However, there are many types of problems which, as they grow in size, their computational complexity grows larger than classical computers will ever be able to solve.…

Quantum information science is presented in a fashion that may be useful to a device or materials engineer. Spintronic implementations are emphasized.

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 S. Bandyopadhyay

Quantum computing was once regarded as a mere theoretical possibility, but recent advances in engineering and materials science have brought practical quantum computers closer to reality. Currently, representatives from industry, academia,…

Physics Education · Physics 2022-04-19 Joel A. Walsh , Mic Fenech , Derrick L. Tucker , Catherine Riegle-Crumb , Brian R. La Cour

Context: Quantum Software Engineering (QSE) has emerged as a promising discipline to support the development of quantum applications by integrating quantum computing principles with established software engineering practices. Problem:…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Filipe Fernandes , Cláudia Werner

Quantum information science (QIS) is an emerging interdisciplinary field at the intersection of physics, computer science, electrical engineering, and mathematics leveraging the laws of quantum mechanics to circumvent classical limitations…

Physics Education · Physics 2022-09-08 Josephine Meyer , Noah Finkelstein , Bethany Wilcox

Quantum computing is a promising paradigm that may overcome the current computational power bottlenecks. The increasing maturity of quantum processors provides more possibilities for the development and implementation of quantum algorithms.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-15 Ge Yan , Wenjie Wu , Yuheng Chen , Kaisen Pan , Xudong Lu , Zixiang Zhou , Yuhan Wang , Ruocheng Wang , Junchi Yan

Quantum network protocol development is crucial to realizing a production-grade network that can support distributed sensing, secure communication, and utility-scale quantum computation. However, the transition from laboratory demonstration…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-11 Robert J. Hayek , Joaquin Chung , Rajkumar Kettimuthu

This paper first provides an overview of the growing subfield of quantum ethics, including a working definition; research to date into social, economic, and political implications of quantum technologies; and directions for future research.…

Physics Education · Physics 2024-10-28 Joan Étude Arrow , Sara E. Marsh , Josephine C. Meyer

Quantum computing has made tremendous improvements in both software and hardware that have sparked interest in academia and industry to realize quantum computing applications. To this end, several steps are necessary: The underlying problem…

As the focus of quantum science shifts from basic research to development and implementation of applied quantum technology, calls for a robust, diverse quantum workforce have increased. However, little research has been done on the design…

Physics Education · Physics 2024-07-23 Michael B. Bennett , Joan É. Arrow , Sasha Novack , Noah D. Finkelstein

Quantum systems have started to emerge as a disruptive technology and enabling platforms - exploiting the principles of quantum mechanics - to achieve quantum supremacy in computing. Academic research, industrial projects (e.g., Amazon…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Aakash Ahmad , Muhammad Waseem , Peng Liang , Mahdi Fehmideh , Arif Ali Khan , David Georg Reichelt , Tommi Mikkonen

This whitepaper surveys the current landscape and short- to mid-term prospects for quantum-enabled optimization and machine learning use cases in industrial settings. Grounded in the QCHALLenge program, it synthesizes hardware trajectories…

In order to handle the increasing complexity of software systems, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been applied to various areas of software engineering, including requirements engineering, coding, testing, and debugging. This has led to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Xinyi Wang , Shaukat Ali , Paolo Arcaini

Quantum computing (QC) holds the potential to solve classically intractable problems. Although there has been significant progress towards the availability of quantum hardware, a software infrastructure to integrate them is still missing.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-17 Zhaobin Zhu , Cedric Gaberle , Sarah M. Neuwirth , Thomas Lippert , Manpreet S. Jattana

This study presents a review of the current state of research on teaching quantum mechanics in secondary and lower undergraduate education. A conceptual approach to quantum mechanics is being implemented in more and more introductory…

Physics Education · Physics 2017-05-15 Kim Krijtenburg-Lewerissa , Henk Pol , Alexander Brinkman , Wouter van Joolingen

Quantum science and computing represent a vital intersection between science and technology, gaining increasing importance in modern society. There is a pressing need to incorporate these concepts into the K-12 curriculum, equipping new…

With recent advances in the development of more powerful quantum computers, the research area of quantum software engineering is emerging, having the goal to provide concepts, principles, and guidelines to develop high-quality quantum…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-06-18 Benjamin Weder , Johanna Barzen , Frank Leymann , Daniel Vietz

We describe Qiskit, a software development kit for quantum information science. We discuss the key design decisions that have shaped its development, and examine the software architecture and its core components. We demonstrate an…