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Vegetation structure mapping is critical for understanding the global carbon cycle and monitoring nature-based approaches to climate adaptation and mitigation. Repeated measurements of these data allow for the observation of deforestation…

Sensors are the key to environmental monitoring, which impart benefits to smart cities in many aspects, such as providing real-time air quality information to assist human decision-making. However, it is impractical to deploy massive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Junfeng Hu , Yuxuan Liang , Zhencheng Fan , Li Liu , Yifang Yin , Roger Zimmermann

A novel and powerful method is presented for the study of rare switching events in complex systems with multiscale energy landscapes. The method performs an umbrella sampling of the equilibrium distribution of the system in hyperplanes…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2007-05-23 Weinan E , Weiqing Ren , Eric Vanden-Eijnden

Reliable classification of Earth Observation data depends on consistent, up-to-date reference labels. However, collecting new labelled data at each time step remains expensive and logistically difficult, especially in dynamic or remote…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Geethen Singh , Jasper A Slingsby , Tamara B Robinson , Glenn Moncrieff

Wireless sensor networks can revolutionize soil ecology by providing measurements at temporal and spatial granularities previously impossible. This paper presents a soil monitoring system we developed and deployed at an urban forest in…

Observations of the Sun in the visible spectral range belong to standard measurements obtained by instruments both on the ground and in the space. Nowadays, both nearly continuous full-disc observations with medium resolution and dedicated…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-06-30 Michal Švanda , Jan Jurčák , David Korda , Jana Kašparová

Despite the unprecedented volume of multimodal data provided by modern Earth observation systems, our ability to model atmospheric dynamics remains constrained. Traditional modeling frameworks force heterogeneous measurements into…

We inspect the evolution of SIRs from Earth to Mars (distance range 1-1.5 AU) over the declining phase of solar cycle 24 (2014-2018). So far, studies only analyzed SIRs measured at Earth and Mars at different times. We compare existing…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-05-19 Paul Geyer , Manuela Temmer , Jingnan Guo , Stephan G. Heinemann

The availability of well-curated datasets has driven the success of Machine Learning (ML) models. Despite greater access to earth observation data in agriculture, there is a scarcity of curated and labelled datasets, which limits the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Depanshu Sani , Sandeep Mahato , Sourabh Saini , Harsh Kumar Agarwal , Charu Chandra Devshali , Saket Anand , Gaurav Arora , Thiagarajan Jayaraman

Frequent cloud cover severely limits the usability of Sentinel-2 (S2) optical time series for Earth surface monitoring. Sentinel-1 (S1) SAR provides all-weather complementary observations, but practical S1/S2 fusion remains difficult…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Forouzan Fallah , Chia Yu Hsu , Wenwen Li , Anna Liljedahl , Yezhou Yang

Remote sensing images are useful for a wide variety of planet monitoring applications, from tracking deforestation to tackling illegal fishing. The Earth is extremely diverse -- the amount of potential tasks in remote sensing images is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Favyen Bastani , Piper Wolters , Ritwik Gupta , Joe Ferdinando , Aniruddha Kembhavi

Floods are one of the most common and devastating natural disasters worldwide. The contribution of remote sensing is important for reducing the impact of flooding both during the event itself and for improving hydrodynamic models by…

The dynamics of a rain forest is extremely complex involving births, deaths and growth of trees with complex interactions between trees, animals, climate, and environment. We consider the patterns of recruits (new trees) and dead trees…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-09-19 Abdollah Jalilian , Francisco Cuevas-Pacheco , Ganggang Xu , Rasmus Waagepetersen

With the deterioration of climate, the phenomenon of rain-induced flooding has become frequent. To mitigate its impact, recent works adopt convolutional neural network or its variants to predict the floods. However, these methods directly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Feifei Wang , Yong Wang , Bing Li , Qidong Huang , Shaoqing Chen

Santer et al (2008) (S08) compared climate models and observations in the tropical troposphere and reported that "there is no longer a serious discrepancy between modeled and observed trends in tropical lapse rates." They found no…

Applications · Statistics 2009-08-18 Stephen McIntyre , Ross McKitrick

Urban vegetation monitoring plays a vital role in understanding environmental changes, yet comprehensive datasets for this purpose remain limited. To address this gap, we present the Temporal Remote-sensing Repository for Analyzing Change…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Omkar Oak , Rukmini Nazre , Rujuta Budke , Suraj Sawant

In this paper we consider two continuous-mass population models as analogues of logistic branching random walks, one is supported on a finite trait space and the other one is supported on an infinite trait space. For the first model with…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-04-18 Anton Bovier , Shi-Dong Wang

The land-atmosphere coupling strength has been defined as the percentage of precipitation variability explained by the variation of soil moisture in the Global Land-Atmosphere Coupling Experiment (GLACE). While it is useful to identify…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-05-03 Jun Yin

With climate change and increasing human pressure on natural landscapes, inland water resources are becoming progressively scarcer, more vulnerable, and more difficult to manage sustainably. Reliable and automated methods for detecting,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Iulia Pleşu , Alexandra Băicoianu , Ioana Cristina Plajer

The influence of forest loss on rainfall remains poorly understood. Addressing this challenge Spracklen et al. recently presented a pan-tropical study of rainfall and land-cover that showed that satellite-derived rainfall measures were…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2014-04-04 Anastassia M. Makarieva , Victor G. Gorshkov , Douglas Sheil , Antonio D. Nobre , Peter Bunyard , Bai-Lian Li