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Revised proofs of Kenneth Arrow's impossibility theorem have been presented in prose form, incorporating novel ideas such as decisive sets and pivotal voters. This study develops another approach to proving the theorem. Using a proof…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-02-17 Kazuya Yamamoto

Social choice theory is the study of preference aggregation across a population, used both in mechanism design for human agents and in the democratic alignment of language models. In this study, we propose the representative social choice…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Tianyi Qiu

This paper initiates the reverse mathematics of social choice theory, studying Arrow's impossibility theorem and related results including Fishburn's possibility theorem and the Kirman--Sondermann theorem within the framework of reverse…

Logic · Mathematics 2024-04-25 Benedict Eastaugh

To the best of our knowledge, a complete characterization of the domains that escape the famous Arrow's impossibility theorem remains an open question. We believe that different ways of proving Arrovian theorems illuminate this problem.…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2024-07-23 Isaac Lara , Sergio Rajsbaum , Armajac Raventós-Pujol

In critical applications, it is vital for classifiers to defer decision-making to humans. We propose a post-hoc method that makes existing classifiers selectively abstain from predicting certain samples. Our abstaining classifier is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Tongxin Yin , Jean-François Ton , Ruocheng Guo , Yuanshun Yao , Mingyan Liu , Yang Liu

The Multinomial Logit (MNL) model and the axiom it satisfies, the Independence of Irrelevant Alternatives (IIA), are together the most widely used tools of discrete choice. The MNL model serves as the workhorse model for a variety of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-01-22 Arjun Seshadri , Johan Ugander

We consider a voting model, where a number of candidates need to be selected subject to certain feasibility constraints. The model generalises committee elections (where there is a single constraint on the number of candidates that need to…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Tomáš Masařík , Grzegorz Pierczyński , Piotr Skowron

We generalize the Arrow's impossibility theorem--a key result in social choice theory--to the setting where the arity $k$ of the relation under consideration is greater than $2$. Some special but natural properties of $k$-ary relations are…

Logic · Mathematics 2019-04-30 Harshit Bisht , Amit Kuber

We develop a framework that leverages the smoothed complexity analysis by Spielman and Teng to circumvent paradoxes and impossibility theorems in social choice, motivated by modern applications of social choice powered by AI and ML. For…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-01-11 Lirong Xia

The weak axiom of revealed preference (WARP) ensures that the revealed preference (i) is a preference relation (i.e., it is complete and transitive) and (ii) rationalizes the choices. However, when WARP fails, either one of these two…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2024-01-15 Pablo Schenone

Abstaining classifiers have the option to refrain from providing a prediction for instances that are difficult to classify. The abstention mechanism is designed to trade off the classifier's performance on the accepted data while ensuring a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Daphne Lenders , Andrea Pugnana , Roberto Pellungrini , Toon Calders , Dino Pedreschi , Fosca Giannotti

Fairness in language models is typically studied as a property of a single, centrally optimized model. As large language models become increasingly agentic, we propose that fairness emerges through interaction and exchange. We study this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Sayan Kumar Chaki , Antoine Gourru , Julien Velcin

Proportional representation (PR) is often discussed in voting settings as a major desideratum. For the past century or so, it is common both in practice and in the academic literature to jump to single transferable vote (STV) as the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2018-06-05 Haris Aziz , Barton Lee

We propose a boundedly rational model of choice where agents eliminate dominated alternatives using a transitive rationale before making a choice using a complete rationale. This model is related to the seminal two-stage model of Manzini…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2021-08-18 Bhavook Bhardwaj , Kriti Manocha

Classification with abstention has gained a lot of attention in recent years as it allows to incorporate human decision-makers in the process. Yet, abstention can potentially amplify disparities and lead to discriminatory predictions. The…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-02-25 Nicolas Schreuder , Evgenii Chzhen

Various structured argumentation frameworks utilize preferences as part of their standard inference procedure to enable reasoning with preferences. In this paper, we consider an inverse of the standard reasoning problem, seeking to identify…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-05-13 Quratul-ain Mahesar , Nir Oren , Wamberto W. Vasconcelos

Judgment aggregation studies how to combine individual judgments on logically related propositions into a collective judgment. Classical impossibility results show that sufficiently strong logical interconnections force dictatorship under…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Yutaka Nagai , Hirotaka Ono

The ``impossibility theorem'' -- which is considered foundational in algorithmic fairness literature -- asserts that there must be trade-offs between common notions of fairness and performance when fitting statistical models, except in two…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Andrew Bell , Lucius Bynum , Nazarii Drushchak , Tetiana Herasymova , Lucas Rosenblatt , Julia Stoyanovich

We examine multi-task benchmarks in machine learning through the lens of social choice theory. We draw an analogy between benchmarks and electoral systems, where models are candidates and tasks are voters. This suggests a distinction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Guanhua Zhang , Moritz Hardt

I present an example in which the individuals' preferences are strict orderings, and under the majority rule, a transitive social ordering can be obtained and thus a non-empty choice set can also be obtained. However, the individuals'…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2022-05-06 Fujun Hou