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Methods for solving scientific computing and inference problems, such as kernel- and neural network-based approaches for partial differential equations (PDEs), inverse problems, and supervised learning tasks, depend crucially on the choice…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-08 Nicholas H. Nelsen , Houman Owhadi , Andrew M. Stuart , Xianjin Yang , Zongren Zou

In recent years, decentralized bilevel optimization problems have received increasing attention in the networking and machine learning communities thanks to their versatility in modeling decentralized learning problems over peer-to-peer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-07 Zhuqing Liu , Xin Zhang , Prashant Khanduri , Songtao Lu , Jia Liu

Data rebalancing techniques, including oversampling and undersampling, are a common approach to addressing the challenges of imbalanced data. To tackle unresolved problems related to both oversampling and undersampling, we propose a new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Karen Medlin , Sven Leyffer , Krishnan Raghavan

Data augmentation is a key practice in machine learning for improving generalization performance. However, finding the best data augmentation hyperparameters requires domain knowledge or a computationally demanding search. We address this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-11 Saypraseuth Mounsaveng , Issam Laradji , Ismail Ben Ayed , David Vazquez , Marco Pedersoli

This paper introduces a novel double regularization scheme for bilevel optimization problems whose lower-level problem is composite and convex, but not necessarily strongly convex, in the lower-level variable. The analysis focuses on the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-06 Mattia Solla , Johannes O. Royset

Bilevel optimisation is used in inverse imaging problems for hyperparameter learning/identification and experimental design, for instance, to find optimal regularisation parameters and forward operators. However, computationally, the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-08-06 Ensio Suonperä , Tuomo Valkonen

Stochastic bilevel optimization finds widespread applications in machine learning, including meta-learning, hyperparameter optimization, and neural architecture search. To extend stochastic bilevel optimization to distributed data, several…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yihan Zhang , My T. Thai , Jie Wu , Hongchang Gao

Existing decentralized stochastic optimization methods assume the lower-level loss function is strongly convex and the stochastic gradient noise has finite variance. These strong assumptions typically are not satisfied in real-world machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Xinwen Zhang , Yihan Zhang , Heng Liang , Hongchang Gao

Bilevel optimization (BLO) offers a principled framework for hierarchical decision-making and has been widely applied in machine learning tasks such as hyperparameter optimization and meta-learning. While existing BLO methods are mostly…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-20 Zhuo Chen , Xinjian Xu , Shihui Ying , Tieyong Zeng

Generative models form the backbone of modern machine learning, underpinning state-of-the-art systems in text, vision, and multimodal applications. While Maximum Likelihood Estimation has traditionally served as the dominant training…

We tackle the general differentiable meta learning problem that is ubiquitous in modern deep learning, including hyperparameter optimization, loss function learning, few-shot learning, invariance learning and more. These problems are often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Minyoung Kim , Timothy M. Hospedales

Inspired by multigrid methods for linear systems of equations, multilevel optimization methods have been proposed to solve structured optimization problems. Multilevel methods make more assumptions regarding the structure of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-11-27 Chin Pang Ho , Michal Kocvara , Panos Parpas

Automatic industrial scheduling, aiming at optimizing the sequence of jobs over limited resources, is widely needed in manufacturing industries. However, existing scheduling systems heavily rely on heuristic algorithms, which either…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-08-11 Longkang Li , Hui-Ling Zhen , Mingxuan Yuan , Jiawen Lu , XialiangTong , Jia Zeng , Jun Wang , Dirk Schnieders

Bilevel optimization provides a powerful framework for modelling hierarchical decision-making systems. This work presents a sensitivity-based algorithm that addresses the bilevel structure directly by treating the lower-level optimal…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-28 Eduardo Nolasco , Ross D. King , Vassilios S. Vassiliadis

Meta learning with multiple objectives can be formulated as a Multi-Objective Bi-Level optimization Problem (MOBLP) where the upper-level subproblem is to solve several possible conflicting targets for the meta learner. However, existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-16 Feiyang Ye , Baijiong Lin , Zhixiong Yue , Pengxin Guo , Qiao Xiao , Yu Zhang

Interest in bilevel optimization has grown in recent years, partially due to its applications to tackle challenging machine-learning problems. Several exciting recent works have been centered around developing efficient gradient-based…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-08-27 Liuyuan Jiang , Quan Xiao , Victor M. Tenorio , Fernando Real-Rojas , Antonio G. Marques , Tianyi Chen

With the success that the field of bilevel optimization has seen in recent years, similar methodologies have started being applied to solving more difficult applications that arise in trilevel optimization. At the helm of these applications…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-05-13 Tommaso Giovannelli , Griffin Dean Kent , Luis Nunes Vicente

Imbalanced datasets are commonplace in modern machine learning problems. The presence of under-represented classes or groups with sensitive attributes results in concerns about generalization and fairness. Such concerns are further…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-05 Mingchen Li , Xuechen Zhang , Christos Thrampoulidis , Jiasi Chen , Samet Oymak

Meta-learning owns unique effectiveness and swiftness in tackling emerging tasks with limited data. Its broad applicability is revealed by viewing it as a bi-level optimization problem. The resultant algorithmic viewpoint however, faces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-22 Yilang Zhang , Bingcong Li , Shijian Gao , Georgios B. Giannakis

This paper investigates a class of stochastic bilevel optimization problems where the upper-level function is nonconvex with potentially unbounded smoothness and the lower-level problem is strongly convex. These problems have significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Xiaochuan Gong , Jie Hao , Mingrui Liu