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This two-part paper details a theory of solvability for the power flow equations in lossless power networks. In Part I, we derive a new formulation of the lossless power flow equations, which we term the fixed-point power flow. The model is…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-09-21 John W. Simpson-Porco

The renewable energy proliferation calls upon the grid operators and planners to systematically evaluate the potential impacts of distributed energy resources (DERs). Considering the significant differences between various inverter-based…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-11 Tao Fu , Dexin Wang , Xiaoyuan Fan , Huiying Ren , Jim Ogle , Yousu Chen

Load flow analysis is a fundamental technique used by electrical engineers to simulate and evaluate power system behavior under steady-state conditions. It enables efficient operation and control by determining how active and reactive power…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-15 Sampson E. Nwachukwu

The power flow equations relate bus voltage phasors to power injections via the network admittance matrix. These equations are central to the key operational and protection functions of power systems (e.g., optimal power flow scheduling and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-21 Samuel Talkington , Daniel Turizo , Sergio A. Dorado-Rojas , Rahul K. Gupta , Daniel K. Molzahn

This paper investigates the uncertain power flow analysis in distribution networks within the context of renewable power resources integration such as wind and solar power. The analysis aims to bound the worst-case voltage magnitude in any…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-07-03 Khaled Laib , Anton Korniienko , Florent Morel , Gérard Scorletti

The widespread adoption of renewable energy poses a challenge in maintaining a feasible operating point in highly variable scenarios. This paper demonstrates that, within a feasible region of a power system that meets practical stability…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-24 Qirui Zheng , Dan Wu , Franz-Erich Wolter , Sijia Geng

Balanced steady operation state in power networks changes over time. Traditional power flow algorithm is focused on the steady operation state under a certain time point and calculates the corresponding voltage and power distributions for…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-01-24 Zongjie Wang , C. Lindsay Anderson

This two-part tutorial dives into the field of data-driven power flow linearization (DPFL), a domain gaining increased attention. DPFL stands out for its higher approximation accuracy, wide adaptability, and better ability to implicitly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Mengshuo Jia , Gabriela Hug , Ning Zhang , Zhaojian Wang , Yi Wang , Chongqing Kang

Understanding the feasible power flow region is of central importance to power system analysis. In this paper, we propose a geometric view of the power system loadability problem. By using rectangular coordinates for complex voltages, we…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-07-31 Y. Weng , R. Rajagopal , B. Zhang

Robustness of routing policies for networks is a central problem which is gaining increased attention with a growing awareness to safeguard critical infrastructure networks against natural and man-induced disruptions. Routing under limited…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2012-05-02 Giacomo Como , Ketan Savla , Daron Acemoglu , Munther A. Dahleh , Emilio Frazzoli

Evaluating resilience in electric distribution systems under severe weather requires models that can connect network topology, hazard simulation, fragility modeling, restoration assumptions, repair strategy, and downstream consequences.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-19 Xuesong Wang , Caisheng Wang , Carol Miller , Amir Shahin Kamjou , John Norton

Certifying power flow solvability is important for reliable power system operations under volatile operating conditions, but solving power flow equations repeatedly can be costly and may encounter convergence issues. In this paper, we…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-26 Puskar Neupane , Bai Cui

Networked systems are susceptible to cascading failures, where the failure of an initial set of nodes propagates through the network, often leading to system-wide failures. In this work, we propose a multiplex flow network model to study…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-02 Orkun İrsoy , Osman Yağan

This paper presents a quadratic approximation for the optimal power flow in power distributions systems. The proposed approach is based on a linearized load flow which is valid for power distribution systems including three-phase unbalanced…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-10-05 Alejandro Garces

Critical infrastructure systems must be both robust and resilient in order to ensure the functioning of society. To improve the performance of such systems, we often use risk and vulnerability analysis to find and address system weaknesses.…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-05-08 Sarah LaRocca , Jonas Johansson , Henrik Hassel , Seth Guikema

A model of the Italian 380 kV electrical transmission network has been analyzed under the topological and the functional viewpoints. The DC power flow model used to evaluate the power flux has been solved on the basis of input conditions…

Physics and Society · Physics 2009-09-10 V. Rosato , L. Issacharoff , G. Gianese , S. Bologna

Determining contingency aware dispatch decisions by solving a security-constrained optimal power flow (SCOPF) is challenging for real-world power systems, as the high problem dimensionality often leads to impractical computational…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-19 Richard Weinhold , Robert Mieth

This two-part paper details a theory of solvability for the power flow equations in lossless power networks. In Part I, we derived a new formulation of the lossless power flow equations, which we term the fixed-point power flow. The model…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-09-21 John W. Simpson-Porco

In many urban areas of the developing world, piped water is supplied only intermittently, as valves direct water to different parts of the water distribution system at different times. The flow is transient, and may transition between…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2016-04-26 Anna M. Lieb , Chris H. Rycroft , Jon Wilkening

Power flow (PF) calculations are the backbone of real-time grid operations, across workflows such as contingency analysis (where repeated PF evaluations assess grid security under outages) and topology optimization (which involves PF-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Ana K. Rivera , Anvita Bhagavathula , Alvaro Carbonero , Priya Donti