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Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) algorithms are widely adopted in tackling complex tasks that require collaboration and competition among agents in dynamic Multi-Agent Systems (MAS). However, learning such tasks from scratch is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Ayesha Siddika Nipu , Siming Liu , Anthony Harris

Many recent successful off-policy multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) algorithms for cooperative partially observable environments focus on finding factorized value functions, leading to convoluted network structures. Building on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Raphaël Avalos , Mathieu Reymond , Ann Nowé , Diederik M. Roijers

Centralized training with decentralized execution (CTDE) is a widely-used learning paradigm that has achieved significant success in complex tasks. However, partial observability issues and the absence of effectively shared signals between…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-05-01 Dapeng Li , Zhiwei Xu , Bin Zhang , Guoliang Fan

Decentralized cooperative multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (MARL) can be a versatile learning framework, particularly in scenarios where centralized training is either not possible or not practical. One of the critical challenges in…

We develop a Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) method to learn scalable control policies for target tracking. Our method can handle an arbitrary number of pursuers and targets; we show results for tasks consisting up to 1000…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-11-11 Christopher D. Hsu , Heejin Jeong , George J. Pappas , Pratik Chaudhari

Centralized training with decentralized execution (CTDE) has been the dominant paradigm in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), but its reliance on global state information during training introduces scalability, robustness, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Shahil Shaik , Jonathon M. Smereka , Yue Wang

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) has become a powerful framework for numerous real-world applications, modeling distributed decision-making and learning from interactions with complex environments. Resource Allocation Optimization…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Mohamad A. Hady , Siyi Hu , Mahardhika Pratama , Jimmy Cao , Ryszard Kowalczyk

Multiagent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) poses significant challenges due to the exponential growth of state and action spaces and the non-stationary nature of multiagent environments. This results in notable sample inefficiency and hinders…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Nikhilesh Prabhakar , Ranveer Singh , Harsha Kokel , Sriraam Natarajan , Prasad Tadepalli

Analysing learning in Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) environments is challenging, in particular with respect to \textit{individual} decision-making. Practitioners frequently struggle to compare training runs due to the inherent…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-29 James Rudd-Jones , María Pérez-Ortiz , Mirco Musolesi

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has emerged as a promising paradigm for adaptive traffic signal control (ATSC) of multiple intersections. Existing approaches typically follow either a fully centralized or a fully decentralized…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Arash Rezaali , Pouria Yazdani , Monireh Abdoos

It can largely benefit the reinforcement learning (RL) process of each agent if multiple geographically distributed agents perform their separate RL tasks cooperatively. Different from multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Kaiyue Wu , Xiao-Jun Zeng

Multiagent reinforcement learning (MARL) has attracted considerable attention due to its potential in addressing complex cooperative tasks. However, existing MARL approaches often rely on frequent exchanges of action or state information…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Zhenglong Luo , Zhiyong Chen , Aoxiang Liu , Ke Pan

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) is a challenging subarea of Reinforcement Learning due to the non-stationarity of the environments and the large dimensionality of the combined action space. Deep MARL algorithms have been applied…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-27 Yuanchao Xu , Amal Feriani , Ekram Hossain

[Zhang, ICML 2018] provided the first decentralized actor-critic algorithm for multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) that offers convergence guarantees. In that work, policies are stochastic and are defined on finite action spaces. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-22 Antoine Grosnit , Desmond Cai , Laura Wynter

Despite the increasing interest in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) in multiple communities, understanding its theoretical foundation has long been recognized as a challenging problem. In this work, we address this problem by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Kaiqing Zhang , Zhuoran Yang , Han Liu , Tong Zhang , Tamer Başar

Achieving distributed reinforcement learning (RL) for large-scale cooperative multi-agent systems (MASs) is challenging because: (i) each agent has access to only limited information; (ii) issues on convergence or computational complexity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-15 Gangshan Jing , He Bai , Jemin George , Aranya Chakrabortty , Piyush K. Sharma

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) algorithms show amazing performance in simulation in recent years, but placing MARL in real-world applications may suffer safety problems. MARL with centralized shields was proposed and verified in…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-03-24 Zhiyuan Cai , Huanhui Cao , Wenjie Lu , Lin Zhang , Hao Xiong

Recently, many cooperative distributed multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) algorithms have been proposed in the literature. In this work, we study the effect of adversarial attacks on a network that employs a consensus-based MARL…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-03-15 Martin Figura , Krishna Chaitanya Kosaraju , Vijay Gupta

To achieve general intelligence, agents must learn how to interact with others in a shared environment: this is the challenge of multiagent reinforcement learning (MARL). The simplest form is independent reinforcement learning (InRL), where…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-11-08 Marc Lanctot , Vinicius Zambaldi , Audrunas Gruslys , Angeliki Lazaridou , Karl Tuyls , Julien Perolat , David Silver , Thore Graepel

This article reviews recent advances in multi-agent reinforcement learning algorithms for large-scale control systems and communication networks, which learn to communicate and cooperate. We provide an overview of this emerging field, with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-24 Donghwan Lee , Niao He , Parameswaran Kamalaruban , Volkan Cevher