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In recent times, the field of unsupervised representation learning (URL) for time series data has garnered significant interest due to its remarkable adaptability across diverse downstream applications. Unsupervised learning goals differ…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Chen Liang , Donghua Yang , Zhiyu Liang , Hongzhi Wang , Zheng Liang , Xiyang Zhang , Jianfeng Huang

Irregular sampling occurs in many time series modeling applications where it presents a significant challenge to standard deep learning models. This work is motivated by the analysis of physiological time series data in electronic health…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Satya Narayan Shukla , Benjamin M. Marlin

In practical time series forecasting, covariates provide rich contextual information that can potentially enhance the forecast of target variables. Although some covariates extend into the future forecasting horizon (e.g., calendar events,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Yosuke Yamaguchi , Issei Suemitsu , Wenpeng Wei

Time series forecasting is prevalent in extensive real-world applications, such as financial analysis and energy planning. Previous studies primarily focus on time series modality, endeavoring to capture the intricate variations and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Jiaxiang Dong , Haixu Wu , Yuxuan Wang , Li Zhang , Jianmin Wang , Mingsheng Long

Time series data are collected in temporal order and are widely used to train systems for prediction, modeling and classification to name a few. These systems require large amounts of data to improve generalization and prevent over-fitting.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-26 T. K. M. Lee , H. W. Chan , K. H. Leo , E. Chew , Ling Zhao , S. Sanei

Multivariate time series classification is of great importance in practical applications and is a challenging task. However, deep neural network models such as Transformers exhibit high accuracy in multivariate time series classification…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Mingsen Du , Yanxuan Wei , Yingxia Tang , Xiangwei Zheng , Shoushui Wei , Cun Ji

There has been a recent surge of interest in time series modeling using the Transformer architecture. However, forecasting multivariate time series with Transformer presents a unique challenge as it requires modeling both temporal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Yu-Hsiang Lan , Eric K. Oermann

The discovery of reusable sub-routines simplifies decision-making and planning in complex reinforcement learning problems. Previous approaches propose to learn such temporal abstractions in a purely unsupervised fashion through observing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-23 Anand Gopalakrishnan , Kazuki Irie , Jürgen Schmidhuber , Sjoerd van Steenkiste

Self-supervised learning achieves superior performance in many domains by extracting useful representations from the unlabeled data. However, most of traditional self-supervised methods mainly focus on exploring the inter-sample structure…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-30 Haoyi Fan , Fengbin Zhang , Yue Gao

Time series data is one of the most popular data modalities in critical domains such as industry and medicine. The demand for algorithms that not only exhibit high accuracy but also offer interpretability is crucial in such fields, as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Bartłomiej Małkus , Szymon Bobek , Grzegorz J. Nalepa

In this work we propose for the first time a transformer-based framework for unsupervised representation learning of multivariate time series. Pre-trained models can be potentially used for downstream tasks such as regression and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-10 George Zerveas , Srideepika Jayaraman , Dhaval Patel , Anuradha Bhamidipaty , Carsten Eickhoff

Multivariate time series present challenges to standard machine learning techniques, as they are often unlabeled, high dimensional, noisy, and contain missing data. To address this, we propose T-Rep, a self-supervised method to learn time…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Archibald Fraikin , Adrien Bennetot , Stéphanie Allassonnière

With the growing complexity of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) and the integration of Internet of Things (IoT), the use of sensors for online monitoring generates large volume of multivariate time series (MTS) data. Consequently, the need for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Charalampos Shimillas , Kleanthis Malialis , Konstantinos Fokianos , Marios M. Polycarpou

Multivariate Time Series (MTS) data capture temporal behaviors to provide invaluable insights into various physical dynamic phenomena. In smart mobility, MTS plays a crucial role in providing temporal dynamics of behaviors such as maneuver…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Thabang Lebese

Self-supervised learning approaches provide a promising direction for clustering multivariate time-series data. However, real-world time-series data often include missing values, and the existing approaches require imputing missing values…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Hamid Ghaderi , Brandon Foreman , Amin Nayebi , Sindhu Tipirneni , Chandan K. Reddy , Vignesh Subbian

Representation learning frameworks in unlabeled time series have been proposed for medical signal processing. Despite the numerous excellent progresses have been made in previous works, we observe the representation extracted for the time…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-12 Luyuan Xie , Cong Li , Xin Zhang , Shengfang Zhai , Yuejian Fang , Qingni Shen , Zhonghai Wu

Urban forecasting models often face a severe data imbalance problem: only a few cities have dense, long-span records, while many others expose short or incomplete histories. Direct transfer from data-rich to data-scarce cities is unreliable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Yue Jiang , Chenxi Liu , Yile Chen , Qin Chao , Shuai Liu , Cheng Long , Gao Cong

The lack of labeled data is a key challenge for learning useful representation from time series data. However, an unsupervised representation framework that is capable of producing high quality representations could be of great value. It is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-03-18 Kristoffer Wickstrøm , Michael Kampffmeyer , Karl Øyvind Mikalsen , Robert Jenssen

Electronic health records (EHRs) recorded in hospital settings typically contain a wide range of numeric time series data that is characterized by high sparsity and irregular observations. Effective modelling for such data must exploit its…

Recent studies have shown great promise in unsupervised representation learning (URL) for multivariate time series, because URL has the capability in learning generalizable representation for many downstream tasks without using inaccessible…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Zhiyu Liang , Jianfeng Zhang , Chen Liang , Hongzhi Wang , Zheng Liang , Lujia Pan