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A graph G is said to be 2-distinguishable if there is a 2-labeling of its vertices which is not preserved by any nontrivial automorphism of G. We show that every locally finite graph with infinite motion and growth at most…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-01-09 Florian Lehner

We present results concerning the expressiveness and decidability of a popular graph learning formalism, graph neural networks (GNNs), exploiting connections with logic. We use a family of recently-discovered decidable logics involving…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Michael Benedikt , Chia-Hsuan Lu , Tony Tan

A vertex ranking of a graph is an assignment of ranks (or colors) to the vertices of the graph, in such a way that any simple path connecting two vertices of equal rank, must contain a vertex of a higher rank. In this paper we study a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-09-21 Ilan Karpas , Ofer Neiman , Shakhar Smorodinsky

We consider the family of graphs whose vertex set is $\mathbb{Z}^n$ where two vertices are connected by an edge when their $\ell_\infty$-distance is 1. Towards an edge isoperimetric inequality for this graph, we calculate the edge boundary…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-09-13 Ellen Veomett

While a number of bounds are known on the zero forcing number $Z(G)$ of a graph $G$ expressed in terms of the order of a graph and maximum or minimum degree, we present two bounds that are related to the (upper) total domination number…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-10-12 Boštjan Brešar , María Gracia Cornet , Tanja Dravec , Michael Henning

Given a finite directed graph with $n$ vertices, we define a metric $d_G$ on $\mathbb{F}_q^n$, where $\mathbb{F}_q$ is the finite field with $q$ elements. The weight of a word is defined as the number of vertices that can be reached by a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-05-02 Tuvi Etzion , Marcelo Firer , Roberto Assis Machado

A split graph is a graph whose vertex set can be partitioned into a clique and an independent set. A connected graph $G$ is said to be $t$-admissible if admits a special spanning tree in which the distance between any two adjacent vertices…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-06-13 Fernanda Couto , Diego Amaro Ferraz , Sulamita Klein

A well-established research line in structural and algorithmic graph theory is characterizing graph classes by listing their minimal obstructions. When this list is finite for some class $\mathcal C$ we obtain a polynomial-time algorithm…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-01-19 Santiago Guzmán-Pro

Graph theory is a branch of mathematics in which pair-wise relations between objects are studied. My PhD thesis, supervised by David R. Wood, introduces and investigates a new family of graphs, called link graphs, that generalises the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-05-27 Bin Jia

An arithmetical structure on a graph is given by a labeling of the vertices which satisfies certain divisibility properties. In this note, we look at several families of graphs and attempt to give counts on the number of arithmetical…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-03-05 Darren Glass , Joshua Wagner

Finding a logical formula that separates positive and negative examples given in the form of labeled data items is fundamental in applications such as concept learning, reverse engineering of database queries, generating referring…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-08-18 Jean Christoph Jung , Carsten Lutz , Hadrien Pulcini , Frank Wolter

For any context-free grammar, we build a transition diagram, that is, a finite directed graph with labeled arcs, which describes the work of the grammar. This approach is new, and it is different from previously known graph models. We…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2013-05-30 Krasimir Yordzhev

Graph-based modeling plays a fundamental role in many areas of computer science. In this paper, we introduce systems of graph formulas with variables for specifying graph properties; this notion generalizes the graph formulas introduced in…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Frank Drewes , Berthold Hoffmann , Mark Minas

Separation logic is a recent extension of Hoare logic for reasoning about programs with references to shared mutable data structures. In this paper, we provide a new interpretation of the logic for a programming language with higher types.…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-07-01 Lars Birkedal , Hongseok Yang

We show that on graphs with n vertices, the 2-dimensional Weisfeiler-Leman algorithm requires at most O(n^2/log(n)) iterations to reach stabilization. This in particular shows that the previously best, trivial upper bound of O(n^2) is…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Sandra Kiefer , Pascal Schweitzer

In the branch of mathematics known as graph theory, graphs are considered as a set of points, called vertices, with connections between these points, called edges. The purpose of this paper is to study mappings between two graphs that have…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-03-19 Jeffrey Beyerl , Cameron Sharpe

Once the set of finite graphs is equipped with an algebra structure (arising from the definition of operations that generalize the concatenation of words), one can define the notion of a recognizable set of graphs in terms of finite…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Bruno Courcelle , Pascal Weil

This introduction to graphs and graph algebras provides the optimal bound for the number of all paths of length $k$ in a graph with $N\geq k$ edges and no loops. Our proof relies on a construction of a number of terminating algorithms that…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2019-12-12 Piotr M. Hajac , Mariusz Tobolski

A graph is called $t$-tough if the removal of any vertex set $S$ that disconnects the graph leaves at most $|S|/t$ components. The toughness of a graph is the largest $t$ for which the graph is $t$-tough. A graph is minimally $t$-tough if…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2022-09-02 Gyula Y Katona , István Kovács , Kitti Varga

A graph $G=(V,E)$ is word-representable if there exists a word $w$ over the alphabet $V$ such that letters $x$ and $y$ alternate in $w$ if and only if $(x,y)\in E$ for each $x\neq y$. The set of word-representable graphs generalizes several…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-02-11 Andrew Collins , Sergey Kitaev , Vadim Lozin