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Fast, efficient, and accurate depth-sensing is important for safety-critical applications such as autonomous vehicles. Direct time-of-flight LiDAR has the potential to fulfill these demands, thanks to its ability to provide high-precision…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-04 Justin Folden , Atul Ingle , Sanjeev J. Koppal

High-resolution 3D tracking with sub-nanosecond timing is required for the detection of elementary particles, such as neutrinos. Conventional detectors, which utilize analog silicon photomultipliers, face challenges in balancing spatial…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-11-24 Kodai Kaneyasu , Till Dieminger , Matthew Franks , Davide Sgalaberna , Claudio Bruschini , Edoardo Charbon

Time-resolved single photon imaging is a promising imaging modality characterized by the unique capability of timestamping the arrivals of single photons. Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs) are the leading technology for implementing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Aleksi Suonsivu , Lauri Salmela , Edoardo Peretti , Leevi Uosukainen , Radu Ciprian Bilcu , Giacomo Boracchi

Single Photon Avalanche Diode sensor arrays operating in direct time of flight mode can perform 3D imaging using pulsed lasers. Operating at high frame rates, SPAD imagers typically generate large volumes of noisy and largely redundant…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-01-08 Saeed Afshar , Tara Julia Hamilton , Langdon Davis , Andre van Schaik , Dennis Delic

With the evolving technology in CMOS integration, new classes of 2D-imaging detectors have recently become available. In particular, single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) arrays allow detection of single photons at high acquisition rates…

Single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) arrays are solid-state detectors offering imaging capabilities at the level of individual photons, with unparalleled photon counting and time-resolved performance. This fascinating technology has…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2019-03-19 Claudio Bruschini , Harald Homulle , Ivan Michel Antolovic , Samuel Burri , Edoardo Charbon

Single-photon cameras (SPCs) are emerging as sensors of choice for various challenging imaging applications. One class of SPCs based on the single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) detects individual photons using an avalanche process; the raw…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-30 Lucas J. Koerner , Shantanu Gupta , Atul Ingle , Mohit Gupta

Real-time accurate detection of three-dimensional (3D) objects is a fundamental necessity for self-driving vehicles. Most existing computer vision approaches are based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Although the CNN-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-30 Shibo Zhou , Ying Chen , Xiaohua Li , Arindam Sanyal

Traditional paradigms for imaging rely on the use of a spatial structure, either in the detector (pixels arrays) or in the illumination (patterned light). Removal of the spatial structure in the detector or illumination, i.e., imaging with…

Silicon single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) is a core device for single-photon detection in the visible and the near-infrared range, and widely used in many applications. However, due to limits of the structure design and device…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2020-03-17 Jian Ma , Ming Zhou , Zongfu Yu , Xiao Jiang , Yijie Huo , Kai Zang , Jun Zhang , James S. Harris , Ge Jin , Qiang Zhang , Jian-Wei Pan

Spatial correlations between two photons are the key resource in realising many quantum imaging schemes. Measurement of the bi-photon correlation map is typically performed using single-point scanning detectors or single-photon cameras…

We report a time-resolved single photon counting (TCSPC) imaging system based on a line-scanning architecture. The system benefits from the high fill-factor, active area, and large dimension of an advanced CMOS single photon avalanche diode…

This study introduces a method for efficiently detecting objects within 3D point clouds using convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Our approach adopts a unique feature-centric voting mechanism to construct convolutional layers that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Tianyi Lyu , Dian Gu , Peiyuan Chen , Yaoting Jiang , Zhenhong Zhang , Huadong Pang , Li Zhou , Yiping Dong

In this work, we propose a method for three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of wide crime scene, based on a Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) approach. We used a Kinect V2 Time-of-Flight (TOF) RGB-D camera to provide colored…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-08-08 Silvio Giancola , Daniele Piron , Pasquale Poppa , Remo Sala

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (drones) are emerging as a promising technology for both environmental and infrastructure monitoring, with broad use in a plethora of applications. Many such applications require the use of computer vision…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-07-19 Christos Kyrkou , George Plastiras , Stylianos Venieris , Theocharis Theocharides , Christos-Savvas Bouganis

Active 3D imaging systems have broad applications across disciplines, including biological imaging, remote sensing and robotics. Applications in these domains require fast acquisition times, high timing resolution, and high detection…

Applied Physics · Physics 2018-06-12 Felix Heide , Steven Diamond , David B. Lindell , Gordon Wetzstein

Traditional CMOS sensors suffer from restricted dynamic range and sub optimal performance under extreme lighting conditions. They are affected by electronic noise in low light conditions and pixel saturation while capturing high…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-18 Sumit Sharma , Girish Rongali , Kaushik Mitra

Imaging across both the full transverse spatial and temporal dimensions of a scene with high precision in all three coordinates is key to applications ranging from LIDAR to fluorescence lifetime imaging. However, compromises that sacrifice,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-01-12 C. Callenberg , A. Lyons , D. den Brok , A. Fatima , A. Turpin , V. Zickus , L. Machesky , J. Whitelaw , D. Faccio , M. B. Hullin

Real time, high resolution 3D reconstruction of scenes hidden from the direct field of view is a challenging field of research with applications in real-life situations related e.g. to surveillance, self-driving cars and rescue missions.…

Optics · Physics 2019-07-24 G. Musarra , A. Lyons , E. Conca , Y. Altmann , F. Villa , F. Zappa , M. J. Padgett , D. Faccio

We present a novel single-shot interferometric ToF camera targeted for precise 3D measurements of dynamic objects. The camera concept is based on Synthetic Wavelength Interferometry, a technique that allows retrieval of depth maps of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-05 Manuel Ballester , Heming Wang , Jiren Li , Oliver Cossairt , Florian Willomitzer