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Large Language Models (LLMs) have seen remarkable advancements, achieving state-of-the-art results in diverse applications. Fine-tuning, an important step for adapting LLMs to specific downstream tasks, typically involves further training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Yuchen Yang , Wenze Lin , Enhao Huang , Zhixuan Chu , Hongbin Zhou , Lan Tao , Yiming Li , Zhan Qin , Kui Ren

Data privacy has become an increasingly important concern in real-world big data applications such as machine learning. To address the problem, federated learning (FL) has been a promising solution to building effective machine learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Yilun Jin , Yang Liu , Kai Chen , Qiang Yang

Active learning (AL), which aims to construct an effective training set by iteratively curating the most formative unlabeled data for annotation, has been widely used in low-resource tasks. Most active learning techniques in classification…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Yun Luo , Zhen Yang , Fandong Meng , Yingjie Li , Fang Guo , Qinglin Qi , Jie Zhou , Yue Zhang

Reinforcement learning (RL) offers significant promise for machinery fault detection (MFD). However, most existing RL-based MFD approaches do not fully exploit RL's sequential decision-making strengths, often treating MFD as a simple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Dhiraj Neupane , Richard Dazeley , Mohamed Reda Bouadjenek , Sunil Aryal

Spoken language recognition (SLR) is the task of automatically identifying the language present in a speech signal. Existing SLR models are either too computationally expensive or too large to run effectively on devices with limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Oriol Nieto , Zeyu Jin , Franck Dernoncourt , Justin Salamon

Large language models (LMs) are capable of in-context learning from a few demonstrations (example-label pairs) to solve new tasks during inference. Despite the intuitive importance of high-quality demonstrations, previous work has observed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Junyi Tao , Xiaoyin Chen , Nelson F. Liu

Learning to defer uncertain predictions to costly experts offers a powerful strategy for improving the accuracy and efficiency of machine learning systems. However, standard training procedures for deferral algorithms typically require…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Giulia DeSalvo , Clara Mohri , Mehryar Mohri , Yutao Zhong

Deep extreme classification (XC) aims to train an encoder architecture and an accompanying classifier architecture to tag a data point with the most relevant subset of labels from a very large universe of labels. XC applications in ranking,…

Data programming (DP) has proven to be an attractive alternative to costly hand-labeling of data. In DP, users encode domain knowledge into \emph{labeling functions} (LF), heuristics that label a subset of the data noisily and may have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Salva Rühling Cachay , Benedikt Boecking , Artur Dubrawski

Neural Encoders are frequently used in the NLP domain to perform dense retrieval tasks, for instance, to generate the candidate documents for a given query in question-answering tasks. However, sparse annotation and label noise in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Arnab Sharma

Extreme multi-label classification (XML) is becoming increasingly relevant in the era of big data. Yet, there is no method for effectively generating stratified partitions of XML datasets. Instead, researchers typically rely on provided…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-08 Maximillian Merrillees , Lan Du

Extreme Multi-label Text Classification (XMTC) has been a tough challenge in machine learning research and applications due to the sheer sizes of the label spaces and the severe data scarce problem associated with the long tail of rare…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Ruohong Zhang , Yau-Shian Wang , Yiming Yang , Donghan Yu , Tom Vu , Likun Lei

We develop a functional encoder-decoder approach to supervised meta-learning, where labeled data is encoded into an infinite-dimensional functional representation rather than a finite-dimensional one. Furthermore, rather than directly…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-08-18 Jin Xu , Jean-Francois Ton , Hyunjik Kim , Adam R. Kosiorek , Yee Whye Teh

Federated learning enables many local devices to train a deep learning model jointly without sharing the local data. Currently, most of federated training schemes learns a global model by averaging the parameters of local models. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Zhenwei Dai , Chen Dun , Yuxin Tang , Anastasios Kyrillidis , Anshumali Shrivastava

Compiled binary executables are often the only available artifact in reverse engineering, malware analysis, and software systems maintenance. Unfortunately, the lack of semantic information like variable types makes comprehending binaries…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Kevin Cao , Kevin Leach

Extreme Multi-label Text Classification (XMC) entails selecting the most relevant labels for an instance from a vast label set. Extreme Zero-shot XMC (EZ-XMC) extends this challenge by operating without annotated data, relying only on raw…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Jinbin Zhang , Nasib Ullah , Rohit Babbar

We address the problem of acoustic source separation in a deep learning framework we call "deep clustering." Rather than directly estimating signals or masking functions, we train a deep network to produce spectrogram embeddings that are…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2015-08-19 John R. Hershey , Zhuo Chen , Jonathan Le Roux , Shinji Watanabe

We propose the Manifold Function Encoder (MFE) for identifying different functions defined on different manifolds. Both a manifold in Euclidean space and a function defined on this manifold can be viewed as bounded linear functionals on a…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-12-24 Jun Hu , Pengzhan Jin , Weijun Zhang

Deep learning has become the method of choice in many application domains of machine learning in recent years, especially for multi-class classification tasks. The most common loss function used in this context is the cross-entropy loss,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-04-21 Yehezkel S. Resheff , Amit Mandelbaum , Daphna Weinshall

Extreme Classification (XC) aims to map a query to the most relevant documents from a very large document set. XC algorithms used in real-world applications learn this mapping from datasets curated from implicit feedback, such as user…