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Millimeter-wave (mm-wave) communications requirebeamforming and consequent precise beam alignmentbetween the gNodeB (gNB) and the user equipment (UE) toovercome high propagation losses. This beam alignment needs tobe constantly updated for…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-19 Enrico Tosi , Panwei Hu , Aleksandar Ichkov , Marina Petrova , Ljiljana Simić

Millimeter wave (mmWave) communication is one viable solution to support Gbps sensor data sharing in vehicular networks. The use of large antenna arrays at mmWave and high mobility in vehicular communication make it challenging to design…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-13 Yuyang Wang , Nitin Jonathan Myers , Nuria González-Prelcic , Robert W. Heath

Millimeter-Wave (mm-Wave) frequency bands provide an opportunity for much wider channel bandwidth compared with the traditional sub-6 GHz band. Communication at mm-Waves is, however, quite challenging due to the severe propagation path…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-10-19 Xiaoshen Song , Saeid Haghighatshoar , Giuseppe Caire

This article investigates beam alignment for multi-user millimeter wave (mmWave) massive multi-input multi-output system. Unlike the existing works using machine learning (ML), an alignment method with partial beams using ML (AMPBML) is…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-02-18 Wenyan Ma , Chenhao Qi , Geoffrey Ye Li

Millimeter wave (mmWave) and terahertz MIMO systems rely on pre-defined beamforming codebooks for both initial access and data transmission. Being pre-defined, however, these codebooks are commonly not optimized for specific environments,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-02-24 Yu Zhang , Muhammad Alrabeiah , Ahmed Alkhateeb

Beamforming is a signal processing technique where an array of antenna elements can be steered to transmit and receive radio signals in a specific direction. The usage of millimeter wave (mmWave) frequencies and multiple input multiple…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Snehal Bhayani , Praneeth Susarla , S. S. Krishna Chaitanya Bulusu , Olli Silven , Markku Juntti , Janne Heikkila

Beam alignment (BA) is to ensure the transmitter and receiver beams are accurately aligned to establish a reliable communication link in millimeter-wave (mmwave) systems. Existing BA methods search the entire beam space to identify the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-09-10 Wen Wu , Nan Cheng , Ning Zhang , Peng Yang , Weihua Zhuang , Xuemin , Shen

Envisioned for fifth generation (5G) systems, millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications are under very active research worldwide. Although pencil beams with accurate beamtracking may boost the throughput of mmWave systems, this poses great…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-08-29 Rafail Ismayilov , Megumi Kaneko , Takefumi Hiraguri , Kentaro Nishimori

This paper presents a robust beam alignment technique for millimeter-wave communications in low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) environments. The core strategy of our technique is to repeatedly transmit the most probable beam candidates to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Jihun Park , Yongjeong Oh , Jaewon Yun , Seonjung Kim , Yo-Seb Jeon

Millimeter wave (mmWave) communications can potentially meet the high data-rate requirements of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) networks. However, as the prerequisite of mmWave communications, the narrow directional beam tracking is very…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-09 Jinglin Zhang , Wenjun Xu , Hui Gao , Miao Pan , Zhu Han , Ping Zhang

Millimeter-wave communications rely on narrow-beam transmissions to cope with the strong signal attenuation at these frequencies, thus demanding precise alignment between transmitter and receiver. However, the beam-alignment procedure may…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-10-10 Muddassar Hussain , Nicolo Michelusi

In the beyond fifth-generation (B5G) and upcoming sixth-generation (6G) wireless communication systems, millimeter (mmWave) wave technology is a promising solution for offering additional bandwidth resources and mitigating spectrum…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-10 Jiawei Zhang , Shihan Wang , Jienan Chen , Fan Wu , Jiyun Tao , Zheqi Gu

In massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems, the main bottlenecks of location- and orientation-assisted beam alignment using deep neural networks (DNNs) are large training overhead and significant performance degradation. This paper…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-21 Yuzhu Lei , Qiqi Xiao , Yinghui He , Guanding Yu

In this paper, we investigate the problem of beam alignment in millimeter wave (mmWave) systems, and design an optimal algorithm to reduce the overhead. Specifically, due to directional communications, the transmitter and receiver beams…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-12-29 Morteza Hashemi , Ashutosh Sabharwal , C. Emre Koksal , Ness B. Shroff

Location-aided beam alignment has been proposed recently as a potential approach for fast link establishment in millimeter wave (mmWave) massive MIMO (mMIMO) communications. However, due to mobility and other imperfections in the estimation…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-08-29 Flavio Maschietti , David Gesbert , Paul de Kerret , Henk Wymeersch

In order to cope with the severe path loss, millimeter-wave (mm-wave) systems exploit highly directional communication. As a consequence, even a slight beam misalignment between two communicating devices (for example, due to mobility) can…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2016-12-26 Joan Palacios , Danilo De Donno , Joerg Widmer

In future 6G communication systems, large-scale antenna arrays promise enhanced signal strength and spatial resolution, but they also increase the complexity of beam training. Moreover, as antenna counts grow and carrier wavelengths shrink,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Ran Li , Ziyi Xu , Ying-Jun Angela Zhang

Fast and precise beam alignment is crucial for high-quality data transmission in millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication systems, where large-scale antenna arrays are utilized to overcome the severe propagation loss. To tackle the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-24 Junyi Yang , Weifeng Zhu , Meixia Tao , Shu Sun

Beam codebooks are a new feature of massive multiple-input multiple-output (M-MIMO) in 5G new radio (NR). Codebooks comprised of beamforming vectors are used to transmit reference signals and obtain limited channel state information (CSI)…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-14 Ryan M. Dreifuerst , Robert W. Heath , Ali Yazdan

Millimeter wave communications are essential for modern wireless networks. It supports high data rates but suffers from severe path loss, which requires precise beam alignment to maintain reliable links. This beam management is particularly…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-05 Ailton Oliveira , Amir Khatibi , Daniel Suzuki , Ilan Correa , José Rezende , Aldebaro Klautau