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Recently, there have been some breakthroughs in graph analysis by applying the graph neural networks (GNNs) following a neighborhood aggregation scheme, which demonstrate outstanding performance in many tasks. However, we observe that the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Hanchen Wang , Defu Lian , Ying Zhang , Lu Qin , Xiangjian He , Yiguang Lin , Xuemin Lin

Graph neural networks (GNNs) work remarkably well in semi-supervised node regression, yet a rigorous theory explaining when and why they succeed remains lacking. To address this gap, we study an aggregate-and-readout model that encompasses…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-20 Juntong Chen , Claire Donnat , Olga Klopp , Johannes Schmidt-Hieber

Formal verification of neural networks (NNs) is a challenging and important problem. Existing efficient complete solvers typically require the branch-and-bound (BaB) process, which splits the problem domain into sub-domains and solves each…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-03-17 Kaidi Xu , Huan Zhang , Shiqi Wang , Yihan Wang , Suman Jana , Xue Lin , Cho-Jui Hsieh

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have made significant advances on several fundamental inference tasks. As a result, there is a surge of interest in using these models for making potentially important decisions in high-regret applications.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-26 Kaidi Xu , Sijia Liu , Pin-Yu Chen , Mengshu Sun , Caiwen Ding , Bhavya Kailkhura , Xue Lin

Tight and efficient neural network bounding is crucial to the scaling of neural network verification systems. Many efficient bounding algorithms have been presented recently, but they are often too loose to verify more challenging…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Alessandro De Palma , Harkirat Singh Behl , Rudy Bunel , Philip H. S. Torr , M. Pawan Kumar

The success of Deep Learning and its potential use in many safety-critical applications has motivated research on formal verification of Neural Network (NN) models. Despite the reputation of learned NN models to behave as black boxes and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-05-23 Rudy Bunel , Ilker Turkaslan , Philip H. S. Torr , Pushmeet Kohli , M. Pawan Kumar

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have been applied into a variety of graph tasks. Most existing work of GNNs is based on the assumption that the given graph data is optimal, while it is inevitable that there exists missing or incomplete edges…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-13 Qianggang Ding , Deheng Ye , Tingyang Xu , Peilin Zhao

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have demonstrated remarkable effectiveness on graph-based tasks. However, their predictive confidence is often miscalibrated, typically exhibiting under-confidence, which harms the reliability of their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Jincheng Huang , Jie Xu , Xiaoshuang Shi , Ping Hu , Lei Feng , Xiaofeng Zhu

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) require a relatively large number of labeled nodes and a reliable/uncorrupted graph connectivity structure in order to obtain good performance on the semi-supervised node classification task. The performance of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-01 Abdullah Alchihabi , Yuhong Guo

Graph neural networks are becoming increasingly popular in the field of machine learning due to their unique ability to process data structured in graphs. They have also been applied in safety-critical environments where perturbations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Tobias Ladner , Michael Eichelbeck , Matthias Althoff

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are deep-learning architectures designed for graph-type data, where understanding relationships among individual observations is crucial. However, achieving promising GNN performance, especially on unseen data,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Lequan Lin , Dai Shi , Andi Han , Zhiyong Wang , Junbin Gao

The ubiquity of deep learning algorithms in various applications has amplified the need for assuring their robustness against small input perturbations such as those occurring in adversarial attacks. Existing complete verification…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Matthias König , Xiyue Zhang , Holger H. Hoos , Marta Kwiatkowska , Jan N. van Rijn

Although neural networks are widely used, it remains challenging to formally verify the safety and robustness of neural networks in real-world applications. Existing methods are designed to verify the network before deployment, which are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-06 Tianhao Wei , Changliu Liu

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are increasingly often employed in high-stakes applications, such as fraud detection or healthcare, but are susceptible to adversarial attacks. A number of techniques have been proposed to provide adversarial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Minghao Liu , Chia-Hsuan Lu , Marta Kwiatkowska

Recently, machine learning of the branch and bound algorithm has shown promise in approximating competent solutions to NP-hard problems. In this paper, we utilize and comprehensively compare the outcomes of three neural networks--graph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Andrew Naguib , Waleed A. Yousef , Issa Traoré , Mohammad Mamun

This paper addresses the problem of formally verifying desirable properties of neural networks, i.e., obtaining provable guarantees that neural networks satisfy specifications relating their inputs and outputs (robustness to bounded norm…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-08-06 Krishnamurthy , Dvijotham , Robert Stanforth , Sven Gowal , Timothy Mann , Pushmeet Kohli

Neural network verification aims to provide provable bounds for the output of a neural network for a given input range. Notable prior works in this domain have either generated bounds using abstract domains, which preserve some dependency…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Matt Jordan , Jonathan Hayase , Alexandros G. Dimakis , Sewoong Oh

We propose an end-to-end framework based on a Graph Neural Network (GNN) to balance the power flows in energy grids. The balancing is framed as a supervised vertex regression task, where the GNN is trained to predict the current and power…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-15 Jonas Berg Hansen , Stian Normann Anfinsen , Filippo Maria Bianchi

Convolutional neural networks have gained vast popularity due to their excellent performance in the fields of computer vision, image processing, and others. Unfortunately, it is now well known that convolutional networks often produce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-07 Matan Ostrovsky , Clark Barrett , Guy Katz

In this paper, we consider the computational complexity of formally verifying the behavior of Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) Neural Networks (NNs), where verification entails determining whether the NN satisfies convex polytopic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-26 James Ferlez , Yasser Shoukry