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Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) is a cornerstone of nonparametric statistics, yet it remains sensitive to bandwidth choice, boundary bias, and computational inefficiency. This study revisits KDE through a principled convolutional framework,…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-24 Nicholas Tenkorang , Kwesi Appau Ohene-Obeng , Xiaogang Su

Reliable machine learning and statistical analysis rely on diverse, well-distributed training data. However, real-world datasets are often limited in size and exhibit underrepresentation across key subpopulations, leading to biased…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-15 Xinyu Tian , Xiaotong Shen

Controlled Direct Effect (CDE) is one of the causal estimands used to evaluate both exposure and mediation effects on an outcome. When there are unmeasured confounders existing between the mediator and the outcome, the ordinary…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-10-30 Shunichiro Orihara , Shinpei Imori , Kosuke Morikawa , Atsushi Goto , Masataka Taguri

Because biological processes can make different loci have different evolutionary histories, species tree estimation requires multiple loci from across the genome. While many processes can result in discord between gene trees and species…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2018-03-13 Md. Shamsuzzoha Bayzid , Siavash Mirarab , Bastien Boussau , Tandy Warnow

We study the statistical properties of an estimator derived by applying a gradient ascent method with multiple initializations to a multi-modal likelihood function. We derive the population quantity that is the target of this estimator and…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-01-04 Yen-Chi Chen

Diffusion models have quickly become some of the most popular and powerful generative models for high-dimensional data. The key insight that enabled their development was the realization that access to the score -- the gradient of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Zhenghan Fang , Mateo Díaz , Sam Buchanan , Jeremias Sulam

The conditional density characterizes the distribution of a response variable $y$ given other predictor $x$, and plays a key role in many statistical tasks, including classification and outlier detection. Although there has been abundant…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-08 Cheng Zeng , George Michailidis , Hitoshi Iyatomi , Leo L Duan

Multivariate distributions often carry latent structures that are difficult to identify and estimate, and which better reflect the data generating mechanism than extrinsic structures exhibited simply by the raw data. In this paper, we…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-04-16 Bryon Aragam , Ruiyi Yang

We present a first procedure that can estimate -- with statistical consistency guarantees -- any local-maxima of a density, under benign distributional conditions. The procedure estimates all such local maxima, or $\textit{modal-sets}$, of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-05-30 Heinrich Jiang , Samory Kpotufe

A continuous-time nonlinear regression model with L\'evy-driven linear noise process is considered. Sufficient conditions of consistency and asymptotic normality of the Whittle estimator for the parameter of the noise spectral density are…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-09-24 A. V. Ivanov , N. N. Leonenko , I. V. Orlovskyi

SINDy is a method for learning system of differential equations from data by solving a sparse linear regression optimization problem [Brunton et al., 2016]. In this article, we propose an extension of the SINDy method that learns systems of…

Causal effect estimation is a critical task in statistical learning that aims to find the causal effect on subjects by identifying causal links between a number of predictor (or, explanatory) variables and the outcome of a treatment. In a…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-11-26 Tathagata Basu , Matthias C. M. Troffaes

We present a structured additive regression approach to model conditional densities given scalar covariates, where only samples of the conditional distributions are observed. This links our approach to distributional regression models for…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-17 Eva-Maria Maier , Alexander Fottner , Sonja Greven , Almond Stöcker

In this work, we develop a simulation-based model to predict the excess surface mass density (ESD) depending on the local density environment. Using a conditional stellar mass function, our foreground galaxies are tailored toward the bright…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-13 Pierre A. Burger , Darshak A. Patel , Michael J. Hudson

The concept of biased data is well known and its practical applications range from social sciences and biology to economics and quality control. These observations arise when a sampling procedure chooses an observation with probability that…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2007-06-13 Sam Efromovich

Gradient boosting of regression trees is a competitive procedure for learning predictive models of continuous data that fits the data with an additive non-parametric model. The classic version of gradient boosting assumes that the data is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-07-04 Iman Alodah , Jennifer Neville

This thesis studies two problems in modern statistics. First, we study selective inference, or inference for hypothesis that are chosen after looking at the data. The motiving application is inference for regression coefficients selected by…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-07-02 Jason D. Lee

The search for refining 3D LiDAR data has attracted growing interest motivated by recent techniques such as supervised learning or generative model-based methods. Existing approaches have shown the possibilities for using diffusion models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Sander Elias Magnussen Helgesen , Kazuto Nakashima , Jim Tørresen , Ryo Kurazume

When modeling a probability distribution with a Bayesian network, we are faced with the problem of how to handle continuous variables. Most previous work has either solved the problem by discretizing, or assumed that the data are generated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-02-21 George H. John , Pat Langley

Many real-life dynamical systems change abruptly followed by almost stationary periods. In this paper, we consider streams of data with such abrupt behavior and investigate the problem of tracking their statistical properties in an online…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-01-16 Hugo Lewi Hammer , Anis Yazidi