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Parameter shift rules (PSRs) are useful methods for computing arbitrary-order derivatives of the cost function in parameterized quantum circuits. The basic idea of PSRs is to evaluate the cost function at different parameter shifts, then…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-07 Zhijian Lai , Jiang Hu , Dong An , Zaiwen Wen

We develop and implement automated methods for optimizing quantum circuits of the size and type expected in quantum computations that outperform classical computers. We show how to handle continuous gate parameters and report a collection…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-06-04 Yunseong Nam , Neil J. Ross , Yuan Su , Andrew M. Childs , Dmitri Maslov

To harness the potential of noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices, it is paramount to find the best type of circuits to run hybrid quantum-classical algorithms. Key candidates are parametrized quantum circuits that can be effectively…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-28 Tobias Haug , Kishor Bharti , M. S. Kim

Variational quantum algorithms use non-convex optimization methods to find the optimal parameters for a parametrized quantum circuit in order to solve a computational problem. The choice of the circuit ansatz, which consists of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-13 Roeland Wiersema , Dylan Lewis , David Wierichs , Juan Carrasquilla , Nathan Killoran

The current generation of quantum computing technologies call for quantum algorithms that require a limited number of qubits and quantum gates, and which are robust against errors. A suitable design approach are variational circuits where…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-10 Maria Schuld , Alex Bocharov , Krysta Svore , Nathan Wiebe

In variational quantum algorithms, parameterization is typically applied to single-qubit gates.In this study, we instead parameterize a generalized controlled gate and propose an algorithm to locally minimize the cost function by maximally…

Parameterized quantum circuits (PQCs) are pivotal components of variational quantum algorithms (VQAs), which represent a promising pathway to quantum advantage in noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. PQCs enable flexible…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-13 Joona Pankkonen , Lauri Ylinen , Matti Raasakka , Andrea Marchesin , Ilkka Tittonen

Scaling of variational quantum algorithms to large problem sizes requires efficient optimization of random parameterized quantum circuits. For such circuits with uncorrelated parameters, the presence of exponentially vanishing gradients in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-28 Tyler Volkoff , Patrick J. Coles

There is no unique way to encode a quantum algorithm into a quantum circuit. With limited qubit counts, connectivities, and coherence times, circuit optimization is essential to make the best use of near-term quantum devices. We introduce…

In recent years, parameterized quantum circuits have become a major tool to design quantum algorithms for optimization problems. The challenge in fully taking advantage of a given family of parameterized circuits lies in finding a good set…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-05 Eunou Lee

In this proceedings we present quantum machine learning optimization experiments using stochastic gradient descent with the parameter shift rule algorithm. We first describe the gradient evaluation algorithm and its optimization procedure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-21 Matteo Robbiati , Stavros Efthymiou , Andrea Pasquale , Stefano Carrazza

The study of variational quantum algorithms (VQCs) has received significant attention from the quantum computing community in recent years. These hybrid algorithms, utilizing both classical and quantum components, are well-suited for noisy…

In the era of noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices, variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) stand as a prominent strategy for constructing quantum machine learning models. These models comprise both a quantum and a classical component.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-01 Lucas Friedrich , Jonas Maziero

Quantum Variational Circuits (QVCs) are often claimed as one of the most potent uses of both near term and long term quantum hardware. The standard approaches to optimizing these circuits rely on a classical system to compute the new…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-11 Owen Lockwood

Parameterized quantum circuits (PQCs) play an essential role in the application of variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) in noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. The PQCs are a leading candidate to achieve a quantum advantage in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-10 Joona V. Pankkonen , Matti Raasakka , Andrea Marchesin , Ilkka Tittonen

Parametrized quantum optical circuits are a class of quantum circuits in which the carriers of quantum information are photons and the gates are optical transformations. Classically optimizing these circuits is challenging due to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-02 Filippo M. Miatto , Nicolás Quesada

Quantum computing has the potential to outperform classical computers and is expected to play an active role in various fields. In quantum machine learning, a quantum computer has been found useful for enhanced feature representation and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-26 Masaya Watabe , Kodai Shiba , Masaru Sogabe , Katsuyoshi Sakamoto , Tomah Sogabe

The discovery of the backpropagation algorithm ranks among one of the most important moments in the history of machine learning, and has made possible the training of large-scale neural networks through its ability to compute gradients at…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-08 Joseph Bowles , David Wierichs , Chae-Yeun Park

Variational quantum circuits have arisen as an important method in quantum computing. A crucial step of it is parameter optimization, which is typically tackled through gradient-descent techniques. We advantageously explore instead the use…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-24 Vignesh Anantharamakrishnan , Márcio M. Taddei

In the present noisy intermediate scale quantum computing era, there is a critical need to devise methods for the efficient implementation of gate-based variational quantum circuits. This ensures that a range of proposed applications can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-27 Ankit Kulshrestha , Xiaoyuan Liu , Hayato Ushijima-Mwesigwa , Bao Bach , Ilya Safro