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The discovery of gravitational waves, which are ripples of space-time itself, opened a new window to test general relativity, because it predicts that there are only plus and cross polarizations for gravitational waves. For alternative…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-07-01 Chunyu Zhang , Qing Gao , Yungui Gong , Bin Wang , Alan J. Weinstein , Chao Zhang

When modified theories of gravity are considered, at most six gravitational wave polarization modes are allowed and classified in tensor modes, the only ones predicted by General Relativity (GR), along with additional vector and scalar…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-03-29 Loris Amalberti , Nicola Bartolo , Angelo Ricciardone

We describe an alternative approach to the analysis of gravitational-wave backgrounds, based on the formalism used to characterise the polarisation of the cosmic microwave background. In contrast to standard analyses, this approach makes no…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-22 Jonathan R. Gair , Joseph D. Romano , Stephen Taylor , Chiara M. F. Mingarelli

We give a full analysis of the auto- and cross-correlations between the Stokes parameters of the cosmic microwave background. In particular, we derive the windowing function for an antenna with Gaussian response in polarization experiment,…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-30 Kin-Wang Ng , Guo-Chin Liu

We build an analytical framework to study the observability of anisotropies and a net chiral polarization of the Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background (SGWB) with a generic network of ground-based detectors. We apply this formalism to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-04-14 Giorgio Mentasti , Carlo Contaldi , Marco Peloso

The detection of gravitational waves from the coalescences of binary compact stars by current interferometry experiments has opened up a new era of gravitational-wave astrophysics and cosmology. The search for a stochastic…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-06-06 Guo-Chin Liu , Kin-Wang Ng

Gravitational waves have only two polarization modes in General Relativity. However, there are six possible modes of polarization in metric theory of gravity in general. The tests of gravitational waves polarization can be tools for…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-07-19 Hiroki Takeda , Atsushi Nishizawa , Yuta Michimura , Koji Nagano , Kentaro Komori , Masaki Ando , Kazuhiro Hayama

Gravitational waves admit a Stokes decomposition into intensity ($I$), circular polarization ($V$), and linear polarization ($Q$, $U$), analogous to Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) polarimetry. We implement a full-Stokes…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-26 Töre Boybeyi , Vuk Mandic

We present a maximum-likelihood analysis for estimating the angular distribution of power in an anisotropic stochastic gravitational-wave background using ground-based laser interferometers. The standard isotropic and gravitational-wave…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2013-09-05 Eric Thrane , Stefan Ballmer , Joseph D. Romano , Sanjit Mitra , Dipongkar Talukder , Sukanta Bose , Vuk Mandic

Gravitational waves are perturbations of the metric of space-time. Six polarizations are possible, although general relativity predicts that only two such polarizations, tensor plus and tensor cross are present for gravitational waves. We…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-05-16 Dicong Liang , Yungui Gong , Alan J. Weinstein , Chao Zhang , Chunyu Zhang

General Relativity predicts only two tensor polarization modes for gravitational waves while at most six possible polarization modes are allowed in general metric theory of gravity. The number of polarization modes is determined by the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-06-08 Chao Zhang , Yungui Gong , Dicong Liang , Chunyu Zhang

In general relativity, a gravitational wave has two polarization modes (tensor mode), but it could have additional polarizations (scalar and vector modes) in the early stage of the universe, where the general relativity may not strictly…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-20 Atsushi Nishizawa , Atsushi Taruya , Seiji Kawamura

We discuss prospects for direct measurement of stochastic gravitational wave background around 0.1-1Hz with future space missions. It is assumed to use correlation analysis technique with the optimal TDI variables for two sets of LISA-type…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-11 Naoki Seto

Gravitational wave backgrounds generate correlated noises to separated detectors. This correlation can induce statistical losses to actual detector networks, compared with idealized noise-independent networks. Assuming that the backgrounds…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-09-29 Naoki Seto

With the growing number of gravitational-wave detections, particularly from binary black hole mergers, there is increasing anticipation that an astrophysical background, formed by an ensemble of faint, high-redshift events, will be observed…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-16 Xiaolin Liu , Sachiko Kuroyanagi

Alternative theories of gravity predict up to six distinct polarization modes for gravitational waves. Strong gravitational lensing of gravitational waves allows us to probe the polarization content of these signals by effectively…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-11-03 Ignacio Magaña Hernandez

The recent compelling observation of the nanohertz stochastic gravitational wave background has brought to light a new galactic arena to test gravity. In this paper, we derive a formula for the most general expression of the stochastic…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-04-12 Reginald Christian Bernardo , Guo-Chin Liu , Kin-Wang Ng

The detection of gravitational wave signals by Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo enables us to probe the polarization content of gravitational waves. In general relativity, only tensor modes are present, while in a variety of alternative…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-06-05 Peter T. H. Pang , Rico K. L. Lo , Isaac C. F. Wong , Tjonnie G. F. Li , Chris Van Den Broeck

Mid-frequency band gravitational-wave detectors will be complementary for the existing Earth-based detectors (sensitive above 10 Hz or so) and the future space-based detectors such as LISA, which will be sensitive below around 10 mHz. A…

The sensitivity achievable by a pair of VIRGO detectors to stochastic and isotropic gravitational wave backgrounds of cosmological origin is discussed in view of the development of a second VIRGO interferometer. We describe a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 D. Babusci , M. Giovannini