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We study the piecewise-stationary restless multi-armed bandit (PS-RMAB) problem, where each arm evolves as a Markov chain but \emph{mean rewards may change across unknown segments}. To address the resulting exploration--detection delay…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Kuan-Ta Li , Chia-Chun Lin , Ping-Chun Hsieh , Yu-Chih Huang

In this paper, we consider the problem of allocating human operators in a system with multiple semi-autonomous robots. Each robot is required to perform an independent sequence of tasks, subjected to a chance of failing and getting stuck in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-11-15 Abhinav Dahiya , Nima Akbarzadeh , Aditya Mahajan , Stephen L. Smith

Restless multi-armed bandits (RMABs) are a popular framework for algorithmic decision making in sequential settings with limited resources. RMABs are increasingly being used for sensitive decisions such as in public health, treatment…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Jackson A. Killian , Manish Jain , Yugang Jia , Jonathan Amar , Erich Huang , Milind Tambe

Restless Multi-Armed Bandits (RMAB) is an apt model to represent decision-making problems in public health interventions (e.g., tuberculosis, maternal, and child care), anti-poaching planning, sensor monitoring, personalized recommendations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-28 Dexun Li , Pradeep Varakantham

Restless multi-arm bandits (RMABs), a class of resource allocation problems with broad application in areas such as healthcare, online advertising, and anti-poaching, have recently been studied from a multi-agent reinforcement learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Yunfan Zhao , Nikhil Behari , Edward Hughes , Edwin Zhang , Dheeraj Nagaraj , Karl Tuyls , Aparna Taneja , Milind Tambe

We consider the restless multi-armed bandit (RMAB) problem with unknown dynamics in which a player chooses M out of N arms to play at each time. The reward state of each arm transits according to an unknown Markovian rule when it is played…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2011-12-30 Haoyang Liu , Keqin Liu , Qing Zhao

This paper is in the field of stochastic Multi-Armed Bandits (MABs), i.e. those sequential selection techniques able to learn online using only the feedback given by the chosen option (a.k.a. $arm$). We study a particular case of the rested…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-11-28 Marco Fiandri , Alberto Maria Metelli , Francesco Trov`o

Restless bandits are an important class of problems with applications in recommender systems, active learning, revenue management and other areas. We consider infinite-horizon discounted restless bandits with many arms where a fixed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-31 Xiangyu Zhang , Peter I. Frazier

We consider the discrete time infinite horizon average reward restless markovian bandit (RMAB) problem. We propose a \emph{model predictive control} based non-stationary policy with a rolling computational horizon $\tau$. At each time-slot,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-06-06 Nicolas Gast , Dheeraj Narasimha

We consider a system with a local cache connected to a backend server and an end user population. A set of contents are stored at the the server where they continuously get updated. The local cache keeps copies, potentially stale, of a…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Ankita Koley , Chandramani Singh

We introduce robustness in \textit{restless multi-armed bandits} (RMABs), a popular model for constrained resource allocation among independent stochastic processes (arms). Nearly all RMAB techniques assume stochastic dynamics are precisely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-23 Jackson A. Killian , Lily Xu , Arpita Biswas , Milind Tambe

We present a two-armed bandit model of decision making under uncertainty where the expected return to investing in the "risky arm" increases when choosing that arm and decreases when choosing the "safe" arm. These dynamics are natural in…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-03-22 Roland Fryer , Philipp Harms

High-content screening microscopy generates large amounts of live-cell imaging data, yet its potential remains constrained by the inability to determine when and where to image most effectively. Optimally balancing acquisition time,…

Applications · Statistics 2025-12-18 Jaume Anguera Peris , Songtao Cheng , Hanzhao Zhang , Wei Ouyang , Joakim Jaldén

This paper introduces a novel multi-armed bandits framework, termed Contextual Restless Bandits (CRB), for complex online decision-making. This CRB framework incorporates the core features of contextual bandits and restless bandits, so that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Xin Chen , I-Hong Hou

The success of many healthcare programs depends on participants' adherence. We consider the problem of scheduling interventions in low resource settings (e.g., placing timely support calls from health workers) to increase adherence and/or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Panayiotis Danassis , Shresth Verma , Jackson A. Killian , Aparna Taneja , Milind Tambe

We study the asymptotic optimal control of multi-class restless bandits. A restless bandit is a controllable stochastic process whose state evolution depends on whether or not the bandit is made active. Since finding the optimal control is…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-09-05 I. M. Verloop

Sequential decision making under uncertainty is studied in a mixed observability domain. The goal is to maximize the amount of information obtained on a partially observable stochastic process under constraints imposed by a fully observable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-03-16 Mikko Lauri , Risto Ritala

Restless multi-arm bandits (RMABs) is a popular decision-theoretic framework that has been used to model real-world sequential decision making problems in public health, wildlife conservation, communication systems, and beyond. Deployed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-01-20 Paritosh Verma , Shresth Verma , Aditya Mate , Aparna Taneja , Milind Tambe

Public health practitioners often have the goal of monitoring patients and maximizing patients' time spent in "favorable" or healthy states while being constrained to using limited resources. Restless multi-armed bandits (RMAB) are an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Gauri Jain , Pradeep Varakantham , Haifeng Xu , Aparna Taneja , Prashant Doshi , Milind Tambe

Restless multi-armed bandits (RMABs) have been highly successful in optimizing sequential resource allocation across many domains. However, in many practical settings with highly scarce resources, where each agent can only receive at most…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Guojun Xiong , Haichuan Wang , Yuqi Pan , Saptarshi Mandal , Sanket Shah , Niclas Boehmer , Milind Tambe