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This study proposes a novel method for simplifying inequality constraints in Higher-Order Binary Optimization (HOBO) formulations. The proposed method addresses challenges associated with Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO)…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-01-22 Yuichiro Minato

Quantum computing has emerged as a promising alternative for solving combinatorial optimization problems. The standard approach for encoding optimization problems on quantum processing units (QPUs) involves transforming them into their…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Meerzhan Kanatbekova , Vincenzo De Maio , Ivona Brandic

Multi-objective optimization involving Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) problems arises in various domains. A fundamental challenge in this context is the effective balancing of multiple objectives, each potentially…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Loong Kuan Lee , Thore Gerlach , Nico Piatkowski

Abstraction layers are of paramount importance in software architecture, as they shield the higher-level formulation of payload computations from lower-level details. Since quantum computing (QC) introduces many such details that are often…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-04 Lukas Schmidbauer , Karen Wintersperger , Elisabeth Lobe , Wolfgang Mauerer

We propose a quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) formulation of rectified linear unit (ReLU) type functions. Different from the q-loss function proposed by Denchev et al. (2012), a simple discussion based on the Legendre…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-08 Go Sato , Makiko Konoshima , Takuya Ohwa , Hirotaka Tamura , Jun Ohkubo

Quantum computing provides powerful algorithmic tools that have been shown to outperform established classical solvers in specific optimization tasks. A core step in solving optimization problems with known quantum algorithms such as the…

We extend the family of problems that may be implemented on an adiabatic quantum optimizer (AQO). When a quadratic optimization problem has at least one set of discrete controls and the constraints are linear, we call this a quadratic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-07-16 Rishabh Chandra , N. Tobias Jacobson , Jonathan E. Moussa , Steven H. Frankel , Sabre Kais

We propose an approach to solving constrained combinatorial optimization problems based on embedding the concept of Lagrangian duality into the framework of adiabatic quantum computation. Within the setting of circuit-model fault-tolerant…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-04-30 Einar Gabbassov , Gili Rosenberg , Artur Scherer

Constrained combinatorial optimization problems are frequently reformulated as quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) models in order to leverage emerging quantum optimization algorithms such as the Variational Quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-23 Xin Wei Lee , Hoong Chuin Lau

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) has shown promise in solving combinatorial optimization problems by leveraging quantum computational power. We propose a simple approach, the Two-Step QAOA, which aims to improve the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-25 Yuichiro Minato

This paper proposes a quasi-binary encoding based algorithm for solving a specific quadratic optimization models with discrete variables, in the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) framework. The quadratic optimization model…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-25 Bingren Chen , Hanqing Wu , Haomu Yuan , Lei Wu , Xin Li

In finance, assessing the creditworthiness of loan applicants requires lenders to cluster borrowers using rating scales. Financial institutions must define the scales in compliance with strict institutional constraints, resulting in solving…

Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO or UBQP) is concerned with maximizing/minimizing the quadratic form $H(J, \eta) = W \sum_{i,j} J_{i,j} \eta_{i} \eta_{j}$ with $J$ a matrix of coefficients, $\eta \in \{0, 1\}^N$ and $W$ a…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-07-02 Marco Isopi , Benedetto Scoppola , Alessio Troiani

Annealing machines specialized for combinatorial optimization problems have been developed, and some companies offer services to use those machines. Such specialized machines can only handle binary variables, and their input format is the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-24 Yuki Furue , Makiko Konoshima , Hirotaka Tamura , Jun Ohkubo

The LogQ algorithm encodes Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) problems with exponentially fewer qubits than the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA). The advantages of conventional LogQ are accompanied by a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-14 Yagnik Chatterjee , Jérémie Messud

In this work, we introduce a novel Quadratic Binary Optimization (QBO) framework for training a quantized neural network. The framework enables the use of arbitrary activation and loss functions through spline interpolation, while Forward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Wenxin Li , Chuan Wang , Hongdong Zhu , Qi Gao , Yin Ma , Hai Wei , Kai Wen

The increasing complexity of industrial scheduling and transport routing problems motivates the study of alternative optimization formulations and computational paradigms. In this work, we study how higher-order unconstrained binary…

The peptide-protein docking problem is an important problem in structural biology that facilitates rational and efficient drug design. In this work, we explore modeling and solving this problem with the quantum-amenable quadratic…

Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) provides a versatile framework for representing NP-hard combinatorial problems, yet existing solvers often face trade-offs among speed, accuracy, and scalability. In this work, we introduce…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-06 Jiecheng Yang , Ding Wang , Xiang Zhao , Hairui Zhang , Ming Gao , Lin Yang

Combinatorial optimization problems play a central role in computer science with many real world applications. A number of relevant problems remain computationally difficult to solve as they lie in the NP-hard complexity class. We present a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-11 Kapil Goswami , Peter Schmelcher