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In this paper, we explore using deep reinforcement learning for problems with multiple agents. Most existing methods for deep multi-agent reinforcement learning consider only a small number of agents. When the number of agents increases,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-24 Arbaaz Khan , Clark Zhang , Daniel D. Lee , Vijay Kumar , Alejandro Ribeiro

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) faces significant challenges in addressing the hard-exploration problems in tasks with sparse or deceptive rewards and large state spaces. These challenges severely limit the practical application of DRL.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-03 Guojian Wang , Faguo Wu , Xiao Zhang , Ning Guo , Zhiming Zheng

While exploration in single-agent reinforcement learning has been studied extensively in recent years, considerably less work has focused on its counterpart in multi-agent reinforcement learning. To address this issue, this work proposes a…

What is a good exploration strategy for an agent that interacts with an environment in the absence of external rewards? Ideally, we would like to get a policy driving towards a uniform state-action visitation (highly exploring) in a minimum…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-20 Mirco Mutti , Marcello Restelli

In cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), agents aim to achieve a common goal, such as defeating enemies or scoring a goal. Existing MARL algorithms are effective but still require significant learning time and often get…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Hyungho Na , Yunkyeong Seo , Il-chul Moon

Sparse reward environments pose significant challenges in reinforcement learning, especially within multi-agent systems (MAS) where feedback is delayed and shared across agents, leading to suboptimal learning. We propose Collaborative…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Yufei Lin , Chengwei Ye , Huanzhen Zhang , Kangsheng Wang , Linuo Xu , Shuyan Liu , Zeyu Zhang

Multi-Agent Policy Gradient (MAPG) has made significant progress in recent years. However, centralized critics in state-of-the-art MAPG methods still face the centralized-decentralized mismatch (CDM) issue, which means sub-optimal actions…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Xingzhou Lou , Junge Zhang , Timothy J. Norman , Kaiqi Huang , Yali Du

In open multi-agent environments, the agents may encounter unexpected teammates. Classical multi-agent learning approaches train agents that can only coordinate with seen teammates. Recent studies attempted to generate diverse teammates to…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-09-25 Lei Yuan , Lihe Li , Ziqian Zhang , Feng Chen , Tianyi Zhang , Cong Guan , Yang Yu , Zhi-Hua Zhou

With artificial intelligence systems becoming ubiquitous in our society, its designers will soon have to start to consider its social dimension, as many of these systems will have to interact among them to work efficiently. With this in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-06-23 Santiago Cuervo , Marco Alzate

Almost all multi-agent reinforcement learning algorithms without communication follow the principle of centralized training with decentralized execution. During centralized training, agents can be guided by the same signals, such as the…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-12-08 Zhiwei Xu , Bin Zhang , Dapeng Li , Zeren Zhang , Guangchong Zhou , Hao Chen , Guoliang Fan

Value-decomposition methods, which reduce the difficulty of a multi-agent system by decomposing the joint state-action space into local observation-action spaces, have become popular in cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL).…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-03-17 Shuhan Qi , Shuhao Zhang , Qiang Wang , Jiajia Zhang , Jing Xiao , Xuan Wang

This paper investigates the task-driven exploration of unknown environments with mobile sensors communicating compressed measurements. The sensors explore the area and transmit their compressed data to another robot, assisting it to reach…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Evangelos Psomiadis , Dipankar Maity , Panagiotis Tsiotras

Recent advances in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) have achieved super-human performance in games like Quake 3 and Dota 2. Unfortunately, these techniques require orders-of-magnitude more training rounds than humans and don't…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-19 Tianjun Zhang , Huazhe Xu , Xiaolong Wang , Yi Wu , Kurt Keutzer , Joseph E. Gonzalez , Yuandong Tian

We show that reinforcement learning agents that learn by surprise (surprisal) get stuck at abrupt environmental transition boundaries because these transitions are difficult to learn. We propose a counter-intuitive solution that we call…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-17 Haitao Xu , Brendan McCane , Lech Szymanski , Craig Atkinson

In the real world, many tasks require multiple agents to cooperate with each other under the condition of local observations. To solve such problems, many multi-agent reinforcement learning methods based on Centralized Training with…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-06-23 Zhiwei Xu , Dapeng Li , Yunpeng Bai , Guoliang Fan

Exploration-exploitation is a powerful and practical tool in multi-agent learning (MAL), however, its effects are far from understood. To make progress in this direction, we study a smooth analogue of Q-learning. We start by showing that…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-12-16 Stefanos Leonardos , Georgios Piliouras

Navigating and understanding complex and unknown environments autonomously demands more than just basic perception and movement from embodied agents. Truly effective exploration requires agents to possess higher-level cognitive abilities,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Abdel Hakim Drid , Vincenzo Suriani , Daniele Nardi , Abderrezzak Debilou

In this paper, a concurrent learning framework is developed for source search in an unknown environment using autonomous platforms equipped with onboard sensors. Distinct from the existing solutions that require significant computational…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-13 Zhongguo Li , Wen-Hua Chen , Jun Yang

In the real world, unmanned surface vehicles (USV) often need to coordinate with each other to accomplish specific tasks. However, achieving cooperative control in multi-agent systems is challenging due to issues such as non-stationarity…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Y. Wang , Y. Zhao

High sample complexity remains a barrier to the application of reinforcement learning (RL), particularly in multi-agent systems. A large body of work has demonstrated that exploration mechanisms based on the principle of optimism under…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-02 Robert Loftin , Aadirupa Saha , Sam Devlin , Katja Hofmann