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Thermodynamic uncertainty relations (TURs) provide fundamental constraints on the interplay between power fluctuations, entropy production, and efficiency in overdamped stationary autonomous heat engines. However, their validity in…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-03-23 Enrique P. Cital , Viktor Holubec

The efficiency of any heat engine, defined as the ratio of average work output to heat input, is bounded by Carnot's celebrated result. However, this measure is insufficient to characterize the properties of miniaturized heat engines…

We derive a bound on the efficiency of thermal engines that can be sharper than Carnot's limit. It is a function of statistical correlations between the engine internal state and Hamiltonian, can be saturated even in finite-time cycles, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-14 Anna Gabetti , Fabrizio Dolcini , Davide Girolami

We model a microscopic heat engine as a particle hopping on a one-dimensional lattice in a periodic sawtooth potential, with or without load, assisted by the thermal kicks it gets from alternately placed hot and cold thermal baths. We find…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-11 Mesfin Asfaw , Mulugeta Bekele

We consider a three-stroke engine in the microscopic regime, where the working body of the engine is composed of a two-level system. The working body of the engine aims to withdraw heat from the hot heat bath, generate work, and discharge…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-01 Tanmoy Biswas , Chandan Datta

Low-dissipation model and the endoreversible model of heat engines are two of the most commonly studied models of machines in finite-time thermodynamics. In this paper, we compare the performance characteristics of these two models under…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-08-02 Ramandeep S. Johal

The minimal-coupling quantum heat engine is a thermal machine consisting of an explicit energy storage system, heat baths, and a working body, which alternatively couples to subsystems through discrete strokes -- energy-conserving two-body…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-01 Marcin Łobejko , Paweł Mazurek , Michał Horodecki

Quantum thermal machines make use of non-classical thermodynamic resources, one of which is interactions between elements of the quantum working medium. In this paper, we examine the performance of a quasi-static quantum Otto engine based…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-03 Venu Mehta , Ramandeep S. Johal

Thermodynamics is traditionally constrained to the study of macroscopic systems whose energy fluctuations are negligible compared to their average energy. Here, we push beyond this thermodynamic limit by developing a mathematical framework…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-11-28 Christopher T. Chubb , Marco Tomamichel , Kamil Korzekwa

In a stochastic heat engine driven by a cyclic non-equilibrium protocol, fluctuations in work and heat give rise to a fluctuating efficiency. Using computer simulations and tools from large deviation theory, we have examined these…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2014-10-27 Todd R. Gingrich , Grant M. Rotskoff , Suriyanarayanan Vaikuntanathan , Phillip L. Geissler

We present a detailed thermodynamic analysis of a three-level quantum heat engine coupled continuously to hot and cold reservoirs. The system is driven by an oscillating external field and is described by the Markovian quantum master…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-07 Pablo Bayona-Pena , Kazutaka Takahashi

The derivation of general performance benchmarks is important in the design of highly optimized heat engines and refrigerators. To obtain them, one may model phenomenologically the leading sources of irreversibility ending up with results…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-01-06 Luis A. Correa , José P. Palao , Gerardo Adesso , Daniel Alonso

We study the stochastic energetic exchanges in quantum heat engines. Due to microreversibility, these obey a fluctuation relation, called the heat engine fluctuation relation, which implies the Carnot bound: no machine can have an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-24 Michele Campisi , Jukka Pekola , Rosario Fazio

Mesoscopic thermoelectric heat engine is much anticipated as a device that allows us to utilize with high efficiency wasted heat inaccessible by conventional heat engines. However, the derivation of the heat current in this engine seems to…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-11-24 Kaoru Yamamoto , Naomichi Hatano

For a four-stroke asymmetrically driven quantum Otto engine with working medium modeled by a single qubit, we study the bounds on non-equilibrium fluctuations of work and heat. We find strict relations between the fluctuations of work and…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-08-02 Sandipan Mohanta , Madhumita Saha , B. Prasanna Venkatesh , Bijay Kumar Agarwalla

We theoretically explore the finite-time performance of a quantum thermochemical engine using a harmonically trapped 1D Bose gas in the quasicondensate regime as the working fluid. Operating on an Otto cycle, the engine's unitary work…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2025-05-27 Vijit V. Nautiyal

Macroscopic cyclic heat engines have been a major motivation for the emergence of thermodynamics. In the last decade, cyclic heat engines that have large fluctuations and operate at finite time were studied within the more modern framework…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-10-03 Arya Datta , Patrick Pietzonka , Andre C Barato

A heat engine is a machine which uses the temperature difference between a hot and a cold reservoir to extract work. Here both reservoirs are quantum systems and a heat engine is described by a unitary transformation which decreases the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Dominik Janzing

We design a heat engine with multi-heat-reservoir, ancillary system and quantum memory. We then derive an inequality related with the second law of thermodynamics, and give a new limitation about the work gain from the engine by analyzing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-09 Li-Hang Ren , Heng Fan

We study a quantum harmonic Otto engine under a hot squeezed thermal reservoir with asymmetry between the two adiabatic branches introduced by considering different speeds of the driving protocols. In the first configuration, the driving…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-27 Monika , Kirandeep Kaur , Varinder Singh , Shishram Rebari