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The outer Galaxy is an environment with metallicity lower than the Solar one. Because of this, the formation and survival of molecules in star-forming regions located in the inner and outer Galaxy is expected to be different. To gain…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-04-27 F. Fontani , L. Colzi , L. Bizzocchi , V. M. Rivilla , D. Elia , M. T. Beltrán , P. Caselli , L. Magrini , A. Sánchez-Monge , L. Testi , D. Romano

Complex organic molecules have previously been discovered in solar type protostars, raising the questions of where and how they form in the envelope. Possible formation mechanisms include grain mantle evaporation, interaction of the outflow…

We aim to investigate the chemistry of internal photon-dominated regions surrounding deeply embedded hypercompact and ultracompact HII regions. We search for specific tracers of this evolutionary stage of massive star formation that can be…

Stellar feedback from high-mass stars (e.g., H{\sc ii} regions) can strongly influence the surrounding interstellar medium and regulate star formation. Our new ALMA observations reveal sequential high-mass star formation taking place within…

Cold ($\sim$10 K) and dense ($\sim$10$^{5}$ cm$^{-3}$) cores of gas and dust within molecular clouds, known as starless and dynamically evolved prestellar cores, are the birthplaces of low-mass ($M$ $\leq$ few M$_\odot$) stars. As…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-08-22 Samantha Scibelli , Yancy Shirley , Andrés Megías , Izaskun Jiménez-Serra

Star-forming regions host a large and evolving suite of molecular species. Molecular transition lines, particularly of complex molecules, can reveal the physical and dynamical environment of star formation. We aim to study the large-scale…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-06-04 P. Freeman , S. Bottinelli , R. Plume , E. Caux , B. Mookerjea

Interstellar chemistry in low metallicity environments is crucial to understand chemical processes in the past metal-poor universe. Recent studies of interstellar molecules in nearby low-metallicity galaxies have suggested that the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-12-08 Takashi Shimonishi , Natsuko Izumi , Kenji Furuya , Chikako Yasui

We selected 90 massive star-forming clumps with strong N2H+, HCO+, HCN, and HNC emission from the Millimetre Astronomy Legacy Team 90 GHz survey. We obtained Herschel data for all 90 sources and NRAO VLA Sky Survey data for 51 of them. We…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-07-25 Mingyue Li , Jianjun Zhou , Jarken Esimbek , Donghui Quan , Yuxin He , Qiang Li , Chunhua Zhu

We present Green Bank Telescope (GBT) observations of the 3(12)-3(13) (29 GHz) and 4(13)-4(14) (48 GHz) transitions of the H2CO molecule toward a sample of 23 well-studied star-forming regions. Analysis of the relative intensities of these…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-30 Patrick I. McCauley , Jeffrey G. Mangum , Alwyn Wootten

Fully cosmological, high resolution N-Body + SPH simulations are used to investigate the chemical abundance trends of stars in simulated stellar halos as a function of their origin. These simulations employ a physically motivated supernova…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-18 Adi Zolotov , Beth Willman , Alyson Brooks , Fabio Governato , David W. Hogg , Sijing Shen , James Wadsley

Isocyanic acid (HNCO), the most stable of the simplest molecules containing the four main elements essential for organic chemistry, has been observed in several astrophysical environments such as molecular clouds, star-forming regions,…

Grain-surface chemistry plays a crucial role in the formation of molecules of astrobiological interest, including H$_{2}$S and complex organic molecules (COMs). They are commonly observed in the gas phase toward star-forming regions, but…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-09-10 D. Navarro-Almaida , A. Taillard , A. Fuente , P. Caselli , R. Martín-Doménech , J. J. Miranzo-Pastor

Studying molecular gas in nearby galaxies using hydrogen cyanide (HCN) as a tracer for higher densities than CO emission still poses a significant challenge. Even though several galaxies have HCN maps on a few kpc scales, higher-resolution…

It has been a long-standing problem to detect interstellar glycine (NH$_2$CH$_2$COOH), the simplest amino acid, in studying a possible relation between the Universe and origin of life. In the last about 40 years all surveys of glycine…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-05-05 Masatoshi Ohishi , Taiki Suzuki , Tomoya Hirota , Masao Saito , Norio Kaifu

Interstellar complex organic molecules (COMs) in solar-like young stellar objects (YSOs), particularly within protostellar disks, are of significant interest due to their potential connection to prebiotic chemistry in emerging planetary…

The sulfur content in dense molecular regions of the interstellar medium is highly depleted in comparison to diffuse clouds. The reason of this phenomenon is unclear, thus it is necessary to carry out observational studies of sulfur-bearing…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-12-11 N. C. Martinez , S. Paron , M. E. Ortega , A. Petriella , A. Álamo , M. Brook , C. Carballo , T. Heberling

Multilevel observations of formaldehyde (H_2CO) and methanol (CH_3OH) toward the nearby spiral galaxies NGC 253, Maffei 2, IC 342, M 82 and NGC 6946 are presented. H_2CO was detected in all galaxies (tentatively in NGC 6946). CH_3OH was…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 S. Huettemeister , R. Mauersberger , C. Henkel

Pre-stellar cores are the basic unit for the formation of stars and stellar systems. The anatomy of the physical and chemical structures of pre-stellar cores is critical for understanding the star formation process. L1544 is a prototypical…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-09-21 Yuxin Lin , Silvia Spezzano , Olli Sipilä , Anton Vasyunin , Paola Caselli

We present a systematic study of the HNCO, C18O, 13CS, and C34S emission towards 13 selected molecular clouds in the Galactic center region. The molecular emission in these positions are used as templates of the different physical and…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 S. Martin , M. A. Requena-Torres , J. Martin-Pintado , R. Mauersberger