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We define and study the complexity of robust polynomials for Boolean functions and the related fault-tolerant quantum decision trees, where input bits are perturbed by noise. We compare several different possible definitions. Our main…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Harry Buhrman , Ilan Newman , Hein Roehrig , Ronald de Wolf

A simple way to generate a Boolean function is to take the sign of a real polynomial in $n$ variables. Such Boolean functions are called polynomial threshold functions. How many low-degree polynomial threshold functions are there? The…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-07-25 Pierre Baldi , Roman Vershynin

A function $f$ is $d$-resilient if all its Fourier coefficients of degree at most $d$ are zero, i.e., $f$ is uncorrelated with all low-degree parities. We study the notion of $\mathit{approximate}$ $\mathit{resilience}$ of Boolean…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-07-10 Dana Dachman-Soled , Vitaly Feldman , Li-Yang Tan , Andrew Wan , Karl Wimmer

Boolean functions are mathematical objects used in diverse domains and have been actively researched for several decades already. One domain where Boolean functions play an important role is cryptography. There, the plethora of settings one…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-20 Marko Djurasevic , Domagoj Jakobovic , Luca Mariot , Stjepan Picek

Polynomial threshold functions (PTFs) are an important low-complexity class of Boolean functions, with strong connections to learning theory and approximation theory. Recent work on learning and testing PTFs has exploited structural and…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Fan Chang , Joseph Slote , Alexander Volberg , Haonan Zhang

We provide new query complexity separations against sensitivity for total Boolean functions: a power $3$ separation between deterministic (and even randomized or quantum) query complexity and sensitivity, and a power $2.22$ separation…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2017-11-17 Shalev Ben-David , Pooya Hatami , Avishay Tal

Representations of Boolean functions by real polynomials play an important role in complexity theory. Typically, one is interested in the least degree of a polynomial p(x_1,...,x_n) that approximates or sign-represents a given Boolean…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2008-05-15 Alexander A. Sherstov

We study the power of negation in the Boolean and algebraic settings and show the following results. * We construct a family of polynomials $P_n$ in $n$ variables, all of whose monomials have positive coefficients, such that $P_n$ can be…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Bruno Cavalar , Théo Borém Fabris , Partha Mukhopadhyay , Srikanth Srinivasan , Amir Yehudayoff

The study of complexity measures of Boolean functions led Nisan and Szegedy to state the sensitivity conjecture in 1994, claiming a polynomial relation between degree and sensitivity. This problem remained unsolved until 2019, when Huang…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-09-25 Sara Asensio , Ignacio García-Marco , Kolja Knauer

We consider various definitions of degrees of discrete functions and establish relations between the number of relevant (essential) variables and degrees of two- and three-valued functions. Keywords: relevant variable, sensitivity, degree…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-01 V. N. Potapov

Monotone Boolean functions, and the monotone Boolean circuits that compute them, have been intensively studied in complexity theory. In this paper we study the structure of Boolean functions in terms of the minimum number of negations in…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2014-10-31 Eric Blais , Clément L. Canonne , Igor C. Oliveira , Rocco A. Servedio , Li-Yang Tan

Relations between the decision tree complexity and various other complexity measures of Boolean functions is a thriving topic of research in computational complexity. It is known that decision tree complexity is bounded above by the cube of…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2022-09-19 Rahul Chugh , Supartha Podder , Swagato Sanyal

Idempotent Boolean functions form a highly structured subclass of Boolean functions that is closely related to rotation symmetry under a normal-basis representation and to invariance under a fixed linear map in a polynomial basis. These…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Claude Carlet , Marko Ðurasevic , Domagoj Jakobovic , Luca Mariot , Stjepan Picek

In this paper, a technique on constructing nonlinear resilient Boolean functions is described. By using several sets of disjoint spectra functions on a small number of variables, an almost optimal resilient function on a large even number…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2009-11-18 WeiGuo Zhang , GuoZhen Xiao

We describe a new class of Boolean functions which provide the presently best known trade-off between low computational complexity, nonlinearity and (fast) algebraic immunity. In particular, for $n\leq 20$, we show that there are functions…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Claude Carlet , Palash Sarkar

Recent works explore deep learning's success by examining functions or data with hierarchical structure. To study the learning complexity of functions with hierarchical structure, we study the noise stability of functions with tree…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-09-30 Rupert Li , Elchanan Mossel

We study the computational power of polynomial threshold functions, that is, threshold functions of real polynomials over the boolean cube. We provide two new results bounding the computational power of this model. Our first result shows…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2009-11-29 Ido Ben-Eliezer , Shachar Lovett , Ariel Yadin

We show (almost) separation between certain important classes of Boolean functions. The technique that we use is to show that the total influence of functions in one class is less than the total influence of functions in the other class. In…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-10-23 Aniruddha Biswas , Palash Sarkar

We show examples of total Boolean functions that depend on $n$ variables and have spectral sensitivity $\Theta(\sqrt{\log n})$, which is asymptotically minimal. Our main new function combines the Hamming code with the Boolean address…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Krišjānis Prūsis , Jevgēnijs Vihrovs

This paper describes a purely functional library for computing level-$p$-complexity of Boolean functions, and applies it to two-level iterated majority. Boolean functions are simply functions from $n$ bits to one bit, and they can describe…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Julia Jansson , Patrik Jansson