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We continue the study of the computational complexity of differentially private PAC learning and how it is situated within the foundations of machine learning. A recent line of work uncovered a qualitative equivalence between the private…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Mark Bun , Aloni Cohen , Rathin Desai

Alon et al. [2019] and Bun et al. [2020] recently showed that online learnability and private PAC learnability are equivalent in binary classification. We investigate whether this equivalence extends to multi-class classification and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-10-12 Young Hun Jung , Baekjin Kim , Ambuj Tewari

We show that every approximately differentially private learning algorithm (possibly improper) for a class $H$ with Littlestone dimension~$d$ requires $\Omega\bigl(\log^*(d)\bigr)$ examples. As a corollary it follows that the class of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-11 Noga Alon , Roi Livni , Maryanthe Malliaris , Shay Moran

A seminal result in learning theory characterizes the PAC learnability of binary classes through the Vapnik-Chervonenkis dimension. Extending this characterization to the general multiclass setting has been open since the pioneering works…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-04 Nataly Brukhim , Daniel Carmon , Irit Dinur , Shay Moran , Amir Yehudayoff

This work explores the connection between differential privacy (DP) and online learning in the context of PAC list learning. In this setting, a $k$-list learner outputs a list of $k$ potential predictions for an instance $x$ and incurs a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Steve Hanneke , Shay Moran , Hilla Schefler , Iska Tsubari

In this paper we prove that the sample complexity of properly learning a class of Littlestone dimension $d$ with approximate differential privacy is $\tilde O(d^6)$, ignoring privacy and accuracy parameters. This result answers a question…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-08 Badih Ghazi , Noah Golowich , Ravi Kumar , Pasin Manurangsi

We consider online and PAC learning of Littlestone classes subject to the constraint of approximate differential privacy. Our main result is a private learner to online-learn a Littlestone class with a mistake bound of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-02 Xin Lyu

We study the problem of multiclass PAC learning with bandit feedback in the realizable setting. In this framework, there is an unknown data distribution over an instance space $\mathcal{X}$ and a label space $\mathcal{Y}$, as in classical…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-27 Steve Hanneke , Qinglin Meng , Shay Moran , Amirreza Shaeiri

We construct a universally Bayes consistent learning rule that satisfies differential privacy (DP). We first handle the setting of binary classification and then extend our rule to the more general setting of density estimation (with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-09 Olivier Bousquet , Haim Kaplan , Aryeh Kontorovich , Yishay Mansour , Shay Moran , Menachem Sadigurschi , Uri Stemmer

A classical result in learning theory shows the equivalence of PAC learnability of binary hypothesis classes and the finiteness of VC dimension. Extending this to the multiclass setting was an open problem, which was settled in a recent…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-03-28 Moses Charikar , Chirag Pabbaraju

This work continues to investigate the link between differentially private (DP) and online learning. Alon, Livni, Malliaris, and Moran (2019) showed that for binary concept classes, DP learnability of a given class implies that it has a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Simone Fioravanti , Steve Hanneke , Shay Moran , Hilla Schefler , Iska Tsubari

We present the first nearly optimal differentially private PAC learner for any concept class with VC dimension 1 and Littlestone dimension $d$. Our algorithm achieves the sample complexity of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Chao Yan

We prove that every concept class with finite Littlestone dimension can be learned by an (approximate) differentially-private algorithm. This answers an open question of Alon et al. (STOC 2019) who proved the converse statement (this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-23 Mark Bun , Roi Livni , Shay Moran

Let~$\cH$ be a class of boolean functions and consider a {\it composed class} $\cH'$ that is derived from~$\cH$ using some arbitrary aggregation rule (for example, $\cH'$ may be the class of all 3-wise majority-votes of functions in $\cH$).…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-14 Noga Alon , Amos Beimel , Shay Moran , Uri Stemmer

We give new differentially private algorithms for the classic problems of learning decision lists and large-margin halfspaces in the PAC and online models. In the PAC model, we give a computationally efficient algorithm for learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Mark Bun , William Fang

The fundamental theorem of statistical learning states that binary PAC learning is governed by a single parameter -- the Vapnik-Chervonenkis (VC) dimension -- which determines both learnability and sample complexity. Extending this to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Alon Cohen , Liad Erez , Steve Hanneke , Tomer Koren , Yishay Mansour , Shay Moran , Qian Zhang

A private learner is trained on a sample of labeled points and generates a hypothesis that can be used for predicting the labels of newly sampled points while protecting the privacy of the training set [Kasiviswannathan et al., FOCS 2008].…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Moni Naor , Kobbi Nissim , Uri Stemmer , Chao Yan

Multiclass neural networks are a common tool in modern unsupervised domain adaptation, yet an appropriate theoretical description for their non-uniform sample complexity is lacking in the adaptation literature. To fill this gap, we propose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-13 Anthony Sicilia , Katherine Atwell , Malihe Alikhani , Seong Jae Hwang

Learning problems form an important category of computational tasks that generalizes many of the computations researchers apply to large real-life data sets. We ask: what concept classes can be learned privately, namely, by an algorithm…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-10-10 Shiva Prasad Kasiviswanathan , Homin K. Lee , Kobbi Nissim , Sofya Raskhodnikova , Adam Smith

We study the problem of computable multiclass learnability within the Probably Approximately Correct (PAC) learning framework of Valiant (1984). In the recently introduced computable PAC (CPAC) learning framework of Agarwal et al. (2020),…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Pascale Gourdeau , Tosca Lechner , Ruth Urner
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