Related papers: Particle-like topologies in light
Spatial topology endows topological solitons, such as skyrmions and hopfions, with fascinating dynamics. However, the temporal dimension has so far provided a passive stage on which topological solitons evolve. Here we construct spacetime…
Topological quasiparticles of light, such as classical and quantum optical skyrmions, have so far relied on fully coherent or pure quantum states whose topology is encoded in the entanglement between polarization and two-dimensional spatial…
Skyrmions, as quasiparticles with topological spin textures, has recently garnered great attention for both condensed matter and structured wave communities, promising next-generation large-density robust information technologies. However,…
We present 4D topological textures in (quasi)monochromatic nonparaxial optical lattices that contain all possible polarization ellipses with every combination of ellipticity and orientation in 3D space. These fields span the nonparaxial…
Topological defects play a key role in a variety of physical systems, ranging from high-energy to solid state physics. They yield fascinating emergent phenomena and serve as a bridge between the microspic and macroscopic world. A skyrmion…
The Hopf fibration mapping circles on a 3-sphere to points on a 2-sphere is well known to topologists. While the 2-sphere is embedded in 3-space, four-dimensional Euclidean space is needed to visualize the 3-sphere. Visualizing objects in…
Three-dimensional (3D) two-band Hopf insulators are a paradigmatic example of topological phases beyond the topological classifications based on powerful methods like $K$-theory and symmetry indicators.Since this class of topological…
Hopfions, as three-dimensional topologically nontrivial structures described by poloidal and toroidal winding numbers, hold promise as robust information carriers in spintronics, functional materials, and optical communications. Although…
Magnetic skyrmions are chiral spin textures which have attracted intense research for their fundamentally novel physics and potential applications as spintronic information carriers. The stability which makes them so potentially useful is a…
Hopfions are a class of three-dimensional (3D) solitons which are built as vortex tori carrying intrinsic twist of the toroidal core. They are characterized by two independent topological charges, \textit{viz}., vorticity $S$ and winding…
The space-like hypersurface of the Universe at the present cosmological time is a three-dimensional manifold. A non-trivial global topology of this space-like hypersurface would imply that the apparently observable universe (the sphere of…
Magnetic hopfions are topologically protected three-dimensional solitons that are constituted by a tube which exhibits a topologically nontrivial spin texture in the cross-section profile and is closed to a torus. Here we show that the…
The skyrmion, which is characterised by a topological integer, is a structure that is topologically stable against local disturbances. The huge potential of skyrmions for use in magnetic storage systems has drawn considerable research…
Topological magnetic structures, such as Hopfions, are central to three-dimensional magnetism, but their characterization in complex geometries remains challenging. We introduce a robust finite-element method for calculating the Hopf index…
Topological particle-like excitations such as skyrmions and hopfions offer rich opportunities for spintronic and photonic applications. While skyrmions have been extensively studied, the stabilization mechanisms and phase behavior of…
Electronic and structural properties of a 3D carbon allotrope made of Hopf-linked graphenes, which we call a Hopfene - a type of topological crystal, are examined by semi-empirical molecular-orbital and density-functional-theoretical…
Optical skyrmions are an emerging class of structured light with sophisticated particle-like topologies with great potential for revolutionizing modern informatics. However, the current generation of optical skyrmions involves complex or…
Magnetic skyrmions are stable topological solitons with complex non-coplanar spin structures. Their nanoscopic size and the low electric currents required to initiate and control their motion has opened a new field of research, skyrmionics,…
Hopf insulators are intriguing three-dimensional topological insulators characterized by an integer topological invariant. They originate from the mathematical theory of Hopf fibration and epitomize the deep connection between knot theory…
Optical skyrmions have recently been constructed by tailoring electric or spin field distributions through the interference of multiple surface plasmon polaritons, offering promising features for advanced information processing, transport…