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Quantum physics can be extended into the complex domain by considering non-Hermitian Hamiltonians that are $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric. These exhibit exceptional points (EPs) where the eigenspectrum changes from purely real to purely imaginary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-23 Jia-Jia Wang , Yu-Hong He , Chang-Geng Liao , Rong-Xin Chen , Jacob A. Dunningham

We consider an ensemble of self-dual matrices with arbitrary complex entries. This ensemble is closely related to a previously defined ensemble of anti-symmetric matrices with arbitrary complex entries. We study the two-level correlation…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2007-05-23 M. B. Hastings

We explain why the main conclusion of Bender et al, hep-th/0511229 [J. Phys. A 39 (2006) 1657] regarding the practical superiority of the non-Hermitian description of PT-symmetric quantum systems over their Hermitian description is not…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Ali Mostafazadeh

We show that a non-Hermitian operator with a tridiagonal matrix representation in a finite-dimensional vector space is similar to an Hermitian operator. The required condition is sufficient and simple examples show that it is not necessary.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-17 Francisco M. Fernández

Exceptional points are singularities in the spectrum of non-Hermitian systems in which several eigenvectors are linearly dependent and their eigenvalues are equal to each other. Usually it is assumed that the order of the exceptional point…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-11 Timofey T. Sergeev , Evgeny S. Andrianov , Alexander A. Zyablovsky

We consider an N-level non-Hermitian Hamiltonian with an exceptional point of order N. We define adiabatic equivalence in such systems and explore topological phase. We show that the topological exceptional states appear at the interface of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-06-26 C. Yuce

We prove that any symmetric Hamiltonian that is a quadratic function of the coordinates and momenta has a pseudo-Hermitian adjoint or regular matrix representation. The eigenvalues of the latter matrix are the natural frequencies of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-05-04 Francisco M Fernández

In the note by Khemani et al. [arXiv:2001.11037] the authors express conceptual disagreement with our recent paper on quantum time crystals [Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 210602]. They criticise the idealized nature of the considered quantum time…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-14 Valerii K. Kozin , Oleksandr Kyriienko

Non-Hermitian systems possess exotic localization phenomena beyond their Hermitian counterparts, exhibiting massive accumulation of eigenstates at the system boundaries with different scaling behaviors. In this study, we investigate two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-16 Shu Long , Linhu Li

In a Hermitian system, bound states must have quantized energies, whereas extended states can form a continuum. We demonstrate how this principle fails for non-Hermitian systems, by analyzing non-Hermitian continuous Hamiltonians with an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-29 Qiang Wang , Changyan Zhu , Xu Zheng , Haoran Xue , Baile Zhang , Y. D. Chong

When sources of energy gain and loss are introduced to a wave-scattering system, the underlying mathematical formulation will be non-Hermitian. This paves the way for the existence of exceptional points, where eigenmodes are linearly…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2021-03-15 Habib Ammari , Bryn Davies , Erik Orvehed Hiltunen , Hyundae Lee , Sanghyeon Yu

Examples of non-hermitian quantum systems admitting topological insulator phase are presented in one, two and three space dimensions. All of these non-hermitian Hamiltonians have entirely real bulk eigenvalues and unitarity is maintained…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-03-19 Pijush K. Ghosh

We construct a new class of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians with real spectra. The Hamiltonians possess one explicitly known eigenfunction.

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 T. V. Fityo

Non-linear effects and non-Hermitian phenomena unveil additional intricate facets in topological matter physics. They can naturally intertwine to enable advanced functionalities in topoelectrical circuits and photonic structures. Here, we…

Optics · Physics 2024-06-27 Vlad Simonian , Daria A. Smirnova , Maxim A. Gorlach

We consider the limiting location and limiting distribution of the largest eigenvalue in real symmetric ($\beta$ = 1), Hermitian ($\beta$ = 2), and Hermitian self-dual ($\beta$ = 4) random matrix models with rank 1 external source. They are…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2012-01-31 Dong Wang

Non-hermitian quantum graphs possessing real (i.e., in principle, observable) spectra are studied via their discretization. The discretized Hamiltonians are assigned, constructively, an elementary pseudometric and/or a more complicated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-01-16 Miloslav Znojil

We consider a constant-size subset of left and right eigenvectors of an $N\times N$ i.i.d. complex non-Hermitian matrix associated with the eigenvalues with pairwise distances at least $N^{-\frac12+\epsilon}$. We show that arbitrary…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-03-29 Sofiia Dubova , Kevin Yang , Horng-Tzer Yau , Jun Yin

We study a two-dimensional exactly solvable non-Hermitian $PT-$non-symmetric quantum model with real spectrum, which is not amenable to separation of variables, by supersymmetrical methods. Here we focus attention on the property of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 F. Cannata , M. V. Ioffe , D. N. Nishnianidze

The product of a Hermitian matrix and a positive semidefinite matrix has only real eigenvalues. We present bounds for sums of eigenvalues of such a product.

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2019-05-13 Bo-Yan Xi , Fuzhen Zhang

Excited bound states are often understood within scattering based theories as resulting from the collision of a particle on a target via a short-range potential. We show that the resulting formalism is non-Hermitian and describe the Hilbert…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-11-09 A. Matzkin