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Over the last few years, the phenomenon of adversarial examples --- maliciously constructed inputs that fool trained machine learning models --- has captured the attention of the research community, especially when the adversary is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-31 Nic Ford , Justin Gilmer , Nicolas Carlini , Dogus Cubuk

Adversarial examples -- inputs with imperceptible perturbations that fool neural networks -- remain one of deep learning's most perplexing phenomena despite nearly a decade of research. While numerous defenses and explanations have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Liv Gorton , Owen Lewis

Adversarial examples are maliciously modified inputs created to fool deep neural networks (DNN). The discovery of such inputs presents a major issue to the expansion of DNN-based solutions. Many researchers have already contributed to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-27 Alessandro Cennamo , Ido Freeman , Anton Kummert

Machine learning systems based on deep neural networks, being able to produce state-of-the-art results on various perception tasks, have gained mainstream adoption in many applications. However, they are shown to be vulnerable to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-01-16 Bo Luo , Yannan Liu , Lingxiao Wei , Qiang Xu

Deep neural networks have been shown to suffer from a surprising weakness: their classification outputs can be changed by small, non-random perturbations of their inputs. This adversarial example phenomenon has been explained as originating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-08-30 Thomas Tanay , Lewis Griffin

We present a mechanism for detecting adversarial examples based on data representations taken from the hidden layers of the target network. For this purpose, we train individual autoencoders at intermediate layers of the target network.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-18 Bartosz Wójcik , Paweł Morawiecki , Marek Śmieja , Tomasz Krzyżek , Przemysław Spurek , Jacek Tabor

Modern classification algorithms are susceptible to adversarial examples--perturbations to inputs that cause the algorithm to produce undesirable behavior. In this work, we seek to understand and extend adversarial examples across domains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Volodymyr Kuleshov , Evgenii Nikishin , Shantanu Thakoor , Tingfung Lau , Stefano Ermon

Adversarial examples (AEs) are images that can mislead deep neural network (DNN) classifiers via introducing slight perturbations into original images. This security vulnerability has led to vast research in recent years because it can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-25 Ruqi Bai , Saurabh Bagchi , David I. Inouye

Deep learning has greatly improved visual recognition in recent years. However, recent research has shown that there exist many adversarial examples that can negatively impact the performance of such an architecture. This paper focuses on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-10-30 Xin Li , Fuxin Li

Over the last few years, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have proved to reach super-human performance in visual recognition tasks. However, CNNs can easily be fooled by adversarial examples, i.e., maliciously-crafted images that force…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-17 Federico Nesti , Alessandro Biondi , Giorgio Buttazzo

Almost all adversarial attacks are formulated to add an imperceptible perturbation to an image in order to fool a model. Here, we consider the opposite which is adversarial examples that can fool a human but not a model. A large enough and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-26 Ali Borji

Adversarial examples are inputs to a machine learning system intentionally crafted by an attacker to fool the model into producing an incorrect output. These examples have achieved a great deal of success in several domains such as image…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Elie Alhajjar , Paul Maxwell , Nathaniel D. Bastian

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have shown remarkable performance in a diverse range of machine learning applications. However, it is widely known that DNNs are vulnerable to simple adversarial perturbations, which causes the model to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-23 Gihyuk Ko , Gyumin Lim

With recent developments of convolutional neural networks, deep learning for 3D point clouds has shown significant progress in various 3D scene understanding tasks, e.g., object recognition, semantic segmentation. In a safety-critical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-20 Jaeyeon Kim , Binh-Son Hua , Duc Thanh Nguyen , Sai-Kit Yeung

Fundamental questions remain about when and why adversarial examples arise in neural networks, with competing views characterising them either as artifacts of the irregularities in the decision landscape or as products of sensitivity to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Edward Stevinson , Lucas Prieto , Melih Barsbey , Tolga Birdal

Deep learning (DL) has shown great success in many human-related tasks, which has led to its adoption in many computer vision based applications, such as security surveillance systems, autonomous vehicles and healthcare. Such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-10 Ahmed Aldahdooh , Wassim Hamidouche , Sid Ahmed Fezza , Olivier Deforges

Deep neural networks have been shown to be susceptible to adversarial examples -- small, imperceptible changes constructed to cause mis-classification in otherwise highly accurate image classifiers. As a practical alternative, recent work…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Sukrut Rao , David Stutz , Bernt Schiele

Adversarial examples are inputs to machine learning models designed by an adversary to cause an incorrect output. So far, adversarial examples have been studied most extensively in the image domain. In this domain, adversarial examples can…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-06-10 Yao Qin , Nicholas Carlini , Ian Goodfellow , Garrison Cottrell , Colin Raffel

Adversarial examples reveal the blind spots of deep neural networks (DNNs) and represent a major concern for security-critical applications. The transferability of adversarial examples makes real-world attacks possible in black-box…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-10-16 Muzammal Naseer , Salman H. Khan , Harris Khan , Fahad Shahbaz Khan , Fatih Porikli

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have been shown to be vulnerable to adversarial examples. While numerous successful adversarial attacks have been proposed, defenses against these attacks remain relatively understudied. Existing defense…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Furkan Mumcu , Yasin Yilmaz