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The emergence of distributed manufacturing ecosystems for electronic hardware involving untrusted parties has given rise to diverse trust issues. In particular, IP piracy, overproduction, and hardware Trojan attacks pose significant threats…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Abhishek Nair , Patanjali SLPSK , Chester Rebeiro , Swarup Bhunia

Due to the globalization of semiconductor manufacturing and test processes, the system-on-a-chip (SoC) designers no longer design the complete SoC and manufacture chips on their own. This outsourcing of the design and manufacturing of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-12-14 Ayush Jain , Ziqi Zhou , Ujjwal Guin

Logic locking has been proposed to safeguard intellectual property (IP) during chip fabrication. Logic locking techniques protect hardware IP by making a subset of combinational modules in a design dependent on a secret key that is withheld…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Hongye Xu , Dongfang Liu , Cory Merkel , Michael Zuzak

Trojan backdoors can be injected into large language models at various stages, including pretraining, fine-tuning, and in-context learning, posing a significant threat to the model's alignment. Due to the nature of causal language modeling,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Vedant Bhasin , Matthew Yudin , Razvan Stefanescu , Rauf Izmailov

Thermal Trojan attacks present a pressing concern for the security and reliability of System-on-Chips (SoCs), especially in mobile applications. The situation becomes more complicated when such attacks are more evasive and operate…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Mehdi Elahi , Mohamed R. Elshamy , Abdel-Hameed Badawy , Ahmad Patooghy

Training machine learning models can be very expensive or even unaffordable. This may be, for example, due to data limitations, such as unavailability or being too large, or computational power limitations. Therefore, it is a common…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Mohamed E. Hussein , Sudharshan Subramaniam Janakiraman , Wael AbdAlmageed

The implementation of cryptographic primitives in integrated circuits (ICs) continues to increase over the years due to the recent advancement of semiconductor manufacturing and reduction of cost per transistors. The hardware implementation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-08-10 Ayush Jain , Ujjwal Guin

A globally distributed IC supply chain brings risks due to untrusted third parties. The risks span inadvertent use of hardware Trojan (HT), inserted Intellectual Property (3P-IP) or Electronic Design Automation (EDA) flows. HT can introduce…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Jitendra Bhandari , Rajat Sadhukhan , Prashanth Krishnamurthy , Farshad Khorrami , Ramesh Karri

Due to the ever-growing demands for electronic chips in different sectors the semiconductor companies have been mandated to offshore their manufacturing processes. This unwanted matter has made security and trustworthiness of their…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-21 Md Mahfuz Al Hasan , Mohammad Tahsin Mostafiz , Thomas An Le , Jake Julia , Nidish Vashistha , Shayan Taheri , Navid Asadizanjani

The globalized semiconductor supply chain has made Hardware Trojans (HT) a significant security threat to embedded systems, necessitating the design of efficient and adaptable detection mechanisms. Despite promising machine learning-based…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Zhixin Pan , Ziyu Shu , Linh Nguyen , Amberbir Alemayoh

An image encoder pre-trained by self-supervised learning can be used as a general-purpose feature extractor to build downstream classifiers for various downstream tasks. However, many studies showed that an attacker can embed a trojan into…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Yupei Liu , Yanting Wang , Jinyuan Jia

This paper discusses how hot carrier injection (HCI) can be exploited to create a trojan that will cause hardware failures. The trojan is produced not via additional logic circuitry but by controlled scenarios that maximize and accelerate…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2009-06-23 Y. Shiyanovskii , F. Wolff , C. Papachristou , D. Weyer , W. Clay

This paper presents a method for hardware trojan detection in integrated circuits. Unsupervised deep learning is used to classify wide field-of-view (4x4 mm$^2$), high spatial resolution magnetic field images taken using a Quantum Diamond…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-04 Maitreyi Ashok , Matthew J. Turner , Ronald L. Walsworth , Edlyn V. Levine , Anantha P. Chandrakasan

Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) hardware, such as microprocessors, are widely adopted in system design due to their ability to reduce development time and cost compared to custom solutions. However, supply chain entities involved in the…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Mahmudul Hasan , Sudipta Paria , Swarup Bhunia , Tamzidul Hoque

Physical attacks form one of the most severe threats against secure computing platforms. Their criticality arises from their corresponding threat model: By, e.g., passively measuring an integrated circuit's (IC's) environment during a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Xhani Marvin Saß , Thilo Krachenfels , Frederik Dermot Pustelnik , Jean-Pierre Seifert , Christian Große , Frank Altmann

An emerging amount of intelligent applications have been developed with the surge of Machine Learning (ML). Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have demonstrated unprecedented performance across various fields such as medical diagnosis and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-22 Xinqiao Zhang , Huili Chen , Farinaz Koushanfar

Split manufacturing (SM) and layout camouflaging (LC) are two promising techniques to obscure integrated circuits (ICs) from malicious entities during and after manufacturing. While both techniques enable protecting the intellectual…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-08-13 Satwik Patnaik , Mohammed Ashraf , Ozgur Sinanoglu , Johann Knechtel

Electronic Design Automation (EDA) industry heavily reuses third party IP cores. These IP cores are vulnerable to insertion of Hardware Trojans (HTs) at design time by third party IP core providers or by malicious insiders in the design…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-04-14 Syed Kamran Haider , Chenglu Jin , Marten van Dijk

High-level synthesis (HLS) is the next emerging trend for designing complex customized architectures for applications such as Machine Learning, Video Processing. It provides a higher level of abstraction and freedom to hardware engineers to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Mukta Debnath , Animesh Basak Chowdhury , Debasri Saha , Susmita Sur-Kolay