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Diffusion models have shown incredible capabilities as generative models; indeed, they power the current state-of-the-art models on text-conditioned image generation such as Imagen and DALL-E 2. In this work we review, demystify, and unify…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-26 Calvin Luo

Score-based modeling through stochastic differential equations (SDEs) has provided a new perspective on diffusion models, and demonstrated superior performance on continuous data. However, the gradient of the log-likelihood function, i.e.,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Haoran Sun , Lijun Yu , Bo Dai , Dale Schuurmans , Hanjun Dai

Score-based methods, such as diffusion models and Bayesian inverse problems, are often interpreted as learning the data distribution in the low-noise limit ($\sigma \to 0$). In this work, we propose an alternative perspective: their success…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-17 Xiang Li , Zebang Shen , Ya-Ping Hsieh , Niao He

Decision trees and diffusion models are ostensibly disparate model classes, one discrete and hierarchical, the other continuous and dynamic. This work unifies the two by establishing a crisp mathematical correspondence between hierarchical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Sai Niranjan Ramachandran , Suvrit Sra

Score Distillation Sampling (SDS) has been pivotal for leveraging pre-trained diffusion models in downstream tasks such as inverse problems, but it faces two major challenges: $(i)$ mode collapse and $(ii)$ latent space inversion, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Nicolas Zilberstein , Morteza Mardani , Santiago Segarra

We propose score dynamics (SD), a general framework for learning accelerated evolution operators with large timesteps from molecular-dynamics simulations. SD is centered around scores, or derivatives of the transition log-probability with…

Computational Physics · Physics 2024-03-08 Tim Hsu , Babak Sadigh , Vasily Bulatov , Fei Zhou

Diffusion models, such as Stable Diffusion, have shown incredible performance on text-to-image generation. Since text-to-image generation often requires models to generate visual concepts with fine-grained details and attributes specified…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Xuehai He , Weixi Feng , Tsu-Jui Fu , Varun Jampani , Arjun Akula , Pradyumna Narayana , Sugato Basu , William Yang Wang , Xin Eric Wang

Score estimation is the backbone of score-based generative models (SGMs), especially denoising diffusion probabilistic models (DDPMs). A key result in this area shows that with accurate score estimates, SGMs can efficiently generate samples…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-04-08 Sinho Chewi , Alkis Kalavasis , Anay Mehrotra , Omar Montasser

Score matching is an approach to learning probability distributions parametrized up to a constant of proportionality (e.g. Energy-Based Models). The idea is to fit the score of the distribution, rather than the likelihood, thus avoiding the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Yilong Qin , Andrej Risteski

Score distillation sampling~(SDS) has been widely adopted to overcome the absence of unseen views in reconstructing 3D objects from a \textbf{single} image. It leverages pre-trained 2D diffusion models as teacher to guide the reconstruction…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Xuanyu Yi , Zike Wu , Qingshan Xu , Pan Zhou , Joo-Hwee Lim , Hanwang Zhang

Recent works have shown that diffusion models can learn essentially any distribution provided one can perform score estimation. Yet it remains poorly understood under what settings score estimation is possible, let alone when practical…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Kulin Shah , Sitan Chen , Adam Klivans

Novel view synthesis under sparse views has been a long-term important challenge in 3D reconstruction. Existing works mainly rely on introducing external semantic or depth priors to supervise the optimization of 3D representations. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Qisen Wang , Yifan Zhao , Jiawei Ma , Jia Li

Various bias-correction methods such as EXTRA, gradient tracking methods, and exact diffusion have been proposed recently to solve distributed {\em deterministic} optimization problems. These methods employ constant step-sizes and converge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-19 Kun Yuan , Sulaiman A. Alghunaim , Bicheng Ying , Ali H. Sayed

While diffusion distillation has enabled one-step generation through methods like Variational Score Distillation, adapting distilled models to emerging new controls -- such as novel structural constraints or latest user preferences --…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Yihong Luo , Tianyang Hu , Yifan Song , Jiacheng Sun , Zhenguo Li , Jing Tang

Multi-target detection (MTD) is the problem of estimating an image from a large, noisy measurement that contains randomly translated and rotated copies of the image. Motivated by the single-particle cryo-electron microscopy technology, we…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-15 Alon Zabatani , Shay Kreymer , Tamir Bendory

Scene flow estimation is an essential ingredient for a variety of real-world applications, especially for autonomous agents, such as self-driving cars and robots. While recent scene flow estimation approaches achieve a reasonable accuracy,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Yushan Zhang , Bastian Wandt , Maria Magnusson , Michael Felsberg

Recently, Zhang et al. have proposed the Diffusion Exponential Integrator Sampler (DEIS) for fast generation of samples from Diffusion Models. It leverages the semi-linear nature of the probability flow ordinary differential equation (ODE)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-13 Guoxuan Xia , Duolikun Danier , Ayan Das , Stathi Fotiadis , Farhang Nabiei , Ushnish Sengupta , Alberto Bernacchia

Score Distillation Sampling (SDS) has made significant strides in distilling image-generative models for 3D generation. However, its maximum-likelihood-seeking behavior often leads to degraded visual quality and diversity, limiting its…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Runjie Yan , Yinbo Chen , Xiaolong Wang

Score-based diffusion models represent a significant variant within the diffusion model family and have seen extensive application in the increasingly popular domain of generative tasks. Recent investigations have explored the denoising…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-26 Hao Mo , Yaping Sun , Shumin Yao , Hao Chen , Zhiyong Chen , Xiaodong Xu , Nan Ma , Meixia Tao , Shuguang Cui

Recent advancements in Text-to-3D generation have yielded remarkable progress, particularly through methods that rely on Score Distillation Sampling (SDS). While SDS exhibits the capability to create impressive 3D assets, it is hindered by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Runjie Yan , Kailu Wu , Kaisheng Ma
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