English
Related papers

Related papers: Leaking Secrets through Modern Branch Predictor in…

200 papers

Link prediction, inferring the undiscovered or potential links of the graph, is widely applied in the real-world. By facilitating labeled links of the graph as the training data, numerous deep learning based link prediction methods have…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Haibin Zheng , Haiyang Xiong , Haonan Ma , Guohan Huang , Jinyin Chen

Out-of-order speculation, a technique ubiquitous since the early 1990s, remains a fundamental security flaw. Via attacks such as Spectre and Meltdown, an attacker can trick a victim, in an otherwise entirely correct program, into leaking…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-10 Sam Ainsworth

In this work, we identify a set of side-channels in our Confidential Federated Compute platform that a hypothetical insider could exploit to circumvent differential privacy (DP) guarantees. We show how DP can mitigate two of the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-24 James Bell-Clark , Albert Cheu , Adria Gascon , Jonathan Katz

The rise of advanced persistent threats (APTs) has marked a significant cybersecurity challenge, characterized by sophisticated orchestration, stealthy execution, extended persistence, and targeting valuable assets across diverse sectors.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Yuntao Wang , Han Liu , Zhendong Li , Zhou Su , Jiliang Li

Speculative decoding accelerates LLM inference by using a smaller draft model to speculate tokens that a larger target model verifies. Verification is often the bottleneck (e.g. verification is $4\times$ slower than token generation when a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Avinash Kumar , Sujay Sanghavi , Poulami Das

Modern OOO CPUs have very deep pipelines with large branch misprediction recovery penalties. Speculatively executed instructions on the wrong path can significantly change cache state, depending on speculation levels. Architects often…

Speculative decoding has become a widely adopted technique for accelerating large language model (LLM) inference by drafting multiple candidate tokens and verifying them with a target model in parallel. Its efficiency, however, critically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Shuoyang Sun , Chang Dai , Hao Fang , Kuofeng Gao , Xinhao Zhong , Yi Sun , Fan Mo , Shu-Tao Xia , Bin Chen

In cloud computing environments, multiple tenants are often co-located on the same multi-processor system. Thus, preventing information leakage between tenants is crucial. While the hypervisor enforces software isolation, shared hardware,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-06-29 Peter Pessl , Daniel Gruss , Clémentine Maurice , Michael Schwarz , Stefan Mangard

Large Language Models (LLMs) face significant computational bottlenecks during inference due to the quadratic complexity of self-attention mechanisms, particularly as context lengths increase. We introduce SpecAttn, a novel training-free…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Harsh Shah

Modern machine learning increasingly requires training on a large collection of data from multiple sources, not all of which can be trusted. A particularly concerning scenario is when a small fraction of poisoned data changes the behavior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-26 Jonathan Hayase , Weihao Kong , Raghav Somani , Sewoong Oh

Speculative decoding has emerged as a popular method to accelerate the inference of Large Language Models (LLMs) while retaining their superior text generation performance. Previous methods either adopt a fixed speculative decoding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Yunlong Hou , Fengzhuo Zhang , Cunxiao Du , Xuan Zhang , Jiachun Pan , Tianyu Pang , Chao Du , Vincent Y. F. Tan , Zhuoran Yang

We introduce BLADE, a new approach to automatically and efficiently eliminate speculative leaks from cryptographic code. BLADE is built on the insight that to stop leaks via speculation, it suffices to $\textit{cut}$ the dataflow from…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-12-08 Marco Vassena , Craig Disselkoen , Klaus V. Gleissenthall , Sunjay Cauligi , Rami Gökhan Kici , Ranjit Jhala , Dean Tullsen , Deian Stefan

Modern processors are highly optimized systems where every single cycle of computation time matters. Many optimizations depend on the data that is being processed. Software-based microarchitectural attacks exploit effects of these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-06-20 Daniel Gruss

Side channel attacks steal secret keys by cleverly leveraging information leakages and can, therefore, break encryption. Thus, detection and mitigation of side channel attacks is a very important problem, but the solutions proposed in the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-28 Sharjeel Khan , Girish Mururu , Santosh Pande

The prevalence of memory corruption bugs in the past decades resulted in numerous defenses, such as stack canaries, control flow integrity (CFI), and memory safe languages. These defenses can prevent entire classes of vulnerabilities, and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Andrea Mambretti , Alexandra Sandulescu , Alessandro Sorniotti , William Robertson , Engin Kirda , Anil Kurmus

Conditional branches pose a challenge for code optimisation, particularly in low latency settings. For better performance, processors leverage dedicated hardware to predict the outcome of a branch and execute the following instructions…

Performance · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Paul Alexander Bilokon , Maximilian Lucuta , Erez Shermer

This paper introduces a novel approach called "friendly attack" aimed at enhancing the performance of error correction channel codes. Inspired by the concept of adversarial attacks, our method leverages the idea of introducing slight…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-01-26 Anastasiia Kurmukova , Deniz Gunduz

Trusted execution environments (TEEs) provide an environment for running workloads in the cloud without having to trust cloud service providers, by offering additional hardware-assisted security guarantees. However, main memory encryption…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-25 Jan Wichelmann , Anna Pätschke , Luca Wilke , Thomas Eisenbarth

Secure speculation schemes have shown great promise in the war against speculative side-channel attacks, and will be a key building block for developing secure, high-performance architectures moving forward. As the field matures, the need…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Amund Bergland Kvalsvik , Magnus Själander

Deep neural networks are susceptible to backdoor attacks, where adversaries manipulate model predictions by inserting malicious samples into the training data. Currently, there is still a significant challenge in identifying suspicious…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Wei Li , Pin-Yu Chen , Sijia Liu , Ren Wang