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Testing Autonomous Driving Systems (ADS) is crucial for ensuring their safety, reliability, and performance. Despite numerous testing methods available that can generate diverse and challenging scenarios to uncover potential…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Renzhi Wang , Mingfei Cheng , Xiaofei Xie , Yuan Zhou , Lei Ma

Deep learning and computer vision techniques have become increasingly important in the development of self-driving cars. These techniques play a crucial role in enabling self-driving cars to perceive and understand their surroundings,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Kanishkha Jaisankar , Pranav M. Pawar , Diana Susane Joseph , Raja Muthalagu , Mithun Mukherjee

We propose a new test case prioritization technique that combines both mutation-based and diversity-based approaches. Our diversity-aware mutation-based technique relies on the notion of mutant distinguishment, which aims to distinguish one…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-01-24 Donghwan Shin , Shin Yoo , Mike Papadakis , Doo-Hwan Bae

Ensuring the safety and reliability of Automated Driving Systems (ADS) remains a critical challenge, as traditional verification methods such as large-scale on-road testing are prohibitively costly and time-consuming.To address…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Ji Zhou , Yongqi Zhao , Yixian Hu , Hexuan Li , Zhengguo Gu , Nan Xu , Arno Eichberger

Test Case Prioritization (TCP) is an increasingly important regression testing technique for reordering test cases according to a pre-defined goal, particularly as agile practices gain adoption. To better understand these techniques, we…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-06-27 Qi Luo , Kevin Moran , Lingming Zhang , Denys Poshyvanyk

Sequential decision-making processes (SDPs) are fundamental for complex real-world challenges, such as autonomous driving, robotic control, and traffic management. While recent advances in Deep Learning (DL) have led to mature solutions for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Junda He , Zhou Yang , Jieke Shi , Chengran Yang , Kisub Kim , Bowen Xu , Xin Zhou , David Lo

In this work, we consider the safety-oriented performance of 3D object detectors in autonomous driving contexts. Specifically, despite impressive results shown by the mass literature, developers often find it hard to ensure the safe…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Brian Hsuan-Cheng Liao , Chih-Hong Cheng , Hasan Esen , Alois Knoll

Being able to anticipate the motion of surrounding agents is essential for the safe operation of autonomous driving systems in dynamic situations. While various methods have been proposed for trajectory prediction, the current evaluation…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Longchao Da , David Isele , Hua Wei , Manish Saroya

Scenario-based testing has emerged as a common method for autonomous vehicles (AVs) safety assessment, offering a more efficient alternative to mile-based testing by focusing on high-risk scenarios. However, fundamental questions persist…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Xingyu Zhao , Robab Aghazadeh-Chakherlou , Chih-Hong Cheng , Peter Popov , Lorenzo Strigini

Context: Simulation-based testing is a cost-efficient alternative to field testing for Autonomous Vehicles (AVs), but generating safety-critical test cases is challenging due to the vast search space. Prior work has studied static (road…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Victor Crespo-Rodriguez , Christian Birchler , Neelofar , Aldeida Aleti , Sebastiano Panichella

An oracle is a mechanism to decide whether the outputs of the program for the executed test cases are correct. For machine learning programs, such oracle is not available or too difficult to apply. Metamorphic testing is a testing approach…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-09-02 Madhusudan Srinivasan , Upulee Kanewala

The emergence of Connected, Cooperative, and Automated Mobility (CCAM) systems has significantly transformed the safety assessment landscape. Because they integrate automated vehicle functions beyond those managed by a human driver, new…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Martin Skoglund , Fredrik Warg , Anders Thoren , Sasikumar Punnekkat , Hans Hansson

Self-driving vehicles and autonomous ground robots require a reliable and accurate method to analyze the traversability of the surrounding environment for safe navigation. This paper proposes and evaluates a real-time machine learning-based…

Regression testing is an important part of quality control in both software and embedded products, where hardware is involved. It is also one of the most expensive and time consuming part of the product cycle. To improve the cost…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-10-24 Tri Quach , Tommi Oinonen , Antti Karjalainen

With the implementation of the new EU regulation 2022/1426 regarding the type-approval of the automated driving system (ADS) of fully automated vehicles, scenario-based testing has gained significant importance in evaluating the performance…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Barbara Schütt , Stefan Otten , Eric Sax

Derivative-free optimization algorithms play an important role in scientific and engineering design optimization problems, especially when derivative information is not accessible. In this paper, we study the framework of sequential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Tianyi Han , Jingya Li , Zhipeng Guo , Yuan Jin

We present a new approach to automated scenario-based testing of the safety of autonomous vehicles, especially those using advanced artificial intelligence-based components, spanning both simulation-based evaluation as well as testing in…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-14 Daniel J. Fremont , Edward Kim , Yash Vardhan Pant , Sanjit A. Seshia , Atul Acharya , Xantha Bruso , Paul Wells , Steve Lemke , Qiang Lu , Shalin Mehta

Generally, the performance of a generic detector decreases significantly when it is tested on a specific scene due to the large variation between the source training dataset and the samples from the target scene. To solve this problem, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-07-14 Ala Mhalla , Thierry Chateau , Houda Maamatou , Sami Gazzah , Najoua Essoukri Ben Amara

Optical camera communications (OCC) has emerged as a key enabling technology for the seamless operation of future autonomous vehicles. In this paper, we introduce a spectral efficiency optimization approach in vehicular OCC. Specifically,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-06 Amirul Islam , Leila Musavian , Nikolaos Thomos

The simulation-based testing is essential for safely implementing autonomous vehicles (AV) on roads, necessitating simulated traffic environments that dynamically interact with the Vehicle Under Test (VUT). This study introduces a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Yiru Liu , Xiaocong Zhao , Jian Sun