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The collimation efficiency for Pb ion beams in the LHC is predicted to be lower than requirements. Nuclear fragmentation and electromagnetic dissociation in the primary collimators create fragments with a wide range of Z/A ratios, which are…

At the end of 2010, the CERN Large Hadron Collider started operation with heavy ion beams, colliding lead nuclei at a centre-of-mass energy of 2.76 TeV/nucleon and opening a new era in ultra-relativistic heavy ion physics at energies…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2015-06-04 Berndt Muller , Jurgen Schukraft , Bolek Wyslouch

In 2016, the Large Hadron Collider provided proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV center-of-mass energy and achieved very high luminosity and reliability. The performance of the CMS Experiment in this running period and a selection of recent…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2017-09-12 Joel Nathan Butler

Construction of future electron-positron colliders (or dedicated electron linac) and muon colliders (or dedicated muon ring) tangential to Future Circular Collider (FCC) will give opportunity to utilize highest energy proton and nucleus…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2018-03-14 Y. C. Acar , A. N. Akay , S. Beser , H. Karadeniz , U. Kaya , B. B. Oner , S. Sultansoy

We review a subset of experimental results from the heavy-ion collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) facility at CERN. Excellent consistency is observed across all the experiments at the LHC (at center of mass energy of 2.76 TeV) for…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2013-12-25 Ranbir Singh , Lokesh Kumar , Pawan Kumar Netrakanti , Bedangadas Mohanty

We review the theoretical and experimental progress in the Glauber model of multiple nucleon and/or parton scatterings, after the last 10--15 years of operation with proton and nuclear beams at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and with…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-09-15 David d'Enterria , Constantin Loizides

The production mechanism of light (anti)nuclei in heavy-ion collisions has been extensively studied experimentally and theoretically. Two competing (anti)nucleosynthesis models are typically used to describe light (anti)nuclei yields and…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2023-03-22 Mario Ciacco

The capabilities of the CMS experiment to study properties of hot and dense QCD-matter created in heavy ion collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider with the perturbative processes (so-called "hard probes") are presented. Detailed…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2019-08-13 I. P. Lokhtin

The LHC heavy-ion program with $^{208}$Pb$^{82+}$ beams will benefit from a significant increase of the beam intensity when entering its High-Luminosity era in Run~3 (2023). The stored energy is expected to surpass 20~MJ per beam. The LHC…

We discuss a concept of a lower-energy version of the Large Hadron-electron Collider (LHeC), delivering electron-hadron collisions concurrently to the hadron-hadron collisions at the high-luminosity LHC at CERN. Assuming the use of a 20 GeV…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2026-05-05 Kevin David J André , Laurent Forthomme , Bernhard Holzer , Krzysztof Piotrzkowski

The LHCb experiment at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) is dedicated to precision measurements of CP violation and rare decays of B hadrons. Its most sensitive components are protected by means of a Beam Conditions…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2010-01-15 Ch. Ilgner , M. Domke M. Lieng , M. Nedos , J. Sauerbrey , S. Schleich , B. Spaan , K. Warda , J. Wishahi

The LHCb experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN has successfully performed a large number of physics measurements during Runs 1 and 2 of the LHC. Monte Carlo simulation is key to the interpretation of these and future…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-11-05 Michal Mazurek , Gloria Corti , Dominik Muller

Motivated by the ion-collision program at the Large Hadron Collider, plans for its high-luminosity upgrade, and on-going discussions for multi-TeV future hadron colliders, we systematically investigate hard-scattering, Standard Model…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-02-13 Benjamin Fuks , Fotis Marugas , Richard Ruiz , Alicja Sztandera

The completion of Run 1 of the CERN Large Hadron Collider has seen the discovery of the Higgs boson and an unprecedented number of precise measurements of the Standard Model, while Run 2 operation has just started to provide first data at…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2016-11-23 Pierluigi Campana , Markus Klute , Pippa Wells

A new effect is presented, which changes the emittance during colliding-beam operation in circular colliders. If the initial transverse distribution is Gaussian, the collision probability is much higher for particles in the core of the beam…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2009-12-01 R. Bruce

Heavy-ion collision is an important tool to understand the dense nuclear matter properties. In order to understand the results of the heavy-ion collision experiments, both theoretical approaches to dense nuclear matter using effective…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2026-03-31 Dae Ik Kim , Chang-Hwan Lee , Youngman Kim , Sangyong Jeon

A phenomenological analysis of the experimental measurements of transverse momentum spectra of identified charged hadrons and strange hyperons in Pb-Pb and Xe-Xe collisions at the LHC is presented. The analysis is based on the relativistic…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-12-21 L. Vermunt , Y. Seemann , A. Dubla , S. Floerchinger , E. Grossi , A. Kirchner , S. Masciocchi , I. Selyuzhenkov

The Large Hadron Electron Collider (LHeC) project is the proposal to use the existing LHC proton/ion beams and construct a new electron beam line to perform high-energy electron-proton/ion collisions. In this talk, we consider some of the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-10-02 Ilkka Helenius , Hannu Paukkunen , Néstor Armesto

We present a detailed comparison of coalescence and thermal-statistical models for the production of (anti-)(hyper-)nuclei in high-energy collisions. For the first time, such a study is carried out as a function of the size of the object…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2019-06-05 Francesca Bellini , Alexander Philipp Kalweit

Heavy-ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory and the Large Hadron Collider at CERN probe matter at extreme conditions of temperature and energy density. Most of the global properties of the…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2016-06-22 Sumit Basu , Tapan K. Nayak , Kaustuv Datta