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Related papers: Predicting Driver Takeover Time in Conditionally A…

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When automated driving systems encounter complex situations beyond their operational capabilities, they issue takeover requests, prompting drivers to resume vehicle control and return to the driving loop as a critical safety backup.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Kexin Liang , Jan Luca Kästle , Bani Anvari , Simeon C. Calvert , J. W. C. van Lint

Situation awareness (SA) is critical to improving takeover performance during the transition period from automated driving to manual driving. Although many studies measured SA during or after the driving task, few studies have attempted to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Feng Zhou , X. Jessie Yang , Joost de Winter

The safe transition from conditional automation to manual driving control is significantly intertwined with the vehicle's lateral and longitudinal dynamics. The transition may occur as a result of a system-initiated mandatory takeover…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Muhammad Sajjad Ansar , Bilal Farooq

Conditionally automated driving systems require human drivers to disengage from non-driving-related activities and resume vehicle control within limited time budgets when encountering scenarios beyond system capabilities. Ensuring safe and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Kexin Liang , Simeon C. Calvert , J. W. C. van Lint

Conditionally automated driving requires drivers to resume vehicle control promptly when automation reaches its operational limits. Ensuring smooth vehicle control transitions is critical for the safety and efficiency of mixed-traffic…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Kexin Liang , Simeon C. Calvert , J. W. C. van Lint

In conditional automation, the automated driving system assumes full control and only issues a takeover request to a human driver to resume driving in critical situations. Previous studies have concluded that the time budget required by…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-29 Foghor Tanshi , Dirk Söffker

In conditionally automated driving, drivers have difficulty in takeover transitions as they become increasingly decoupled from the operational level of driving. Factors influencing takeover performance, such as takeover lead time and the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-01-15 Na Du , Feng Zhou , Elizabeth Pulver , Dawn M. Tilbury , Lionel P. Robert , Anuj K. Pradhan , X. Jessie Yang

Research indicates that monotonous automated driving increases the incidence of fatigued driving. Although many prediction models based on advanced machine learning techniques were proposed to monitor driver fatigue, especially in manual…

Maintaining adequate situation awareness (SA) is crucial for the safe operation of conditionally automated vehicles (AVs), which requires drivers to regain control during takeover (TOR) events. This study developed a predictive model for…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Lilit Avetisyan , X. Jessie Yang , Feng Zhou

Technological advances in the automotive industry are bringing automated driving closer to road use. However, one of the most important factors affecting public acceptance of automated vehicles (AVs) is the public's trust in AVs. Many…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Jackie Ayoub , X. Jessie Yang , Feng Zhou

Understanding occupant-vehicle interactions by modeling control transitions is important to ensure safe approaches to passenger vehicle automation. Models which contain contextual, semantically meaningful representations of driver states…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Akshay Rangesh , Nachiket Deo , Ross Greer , Pujitha Gunaratne , Mohan M. Trivedi

To make safe transitions from autonomous to manual control, a vehicle must have a representation of the awareness of driver state; two metrics which quantify this state are the Observable Readiness Index and Takeover Time. In this work, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-20 Ross Greer , Nachiket Deo , Akshay Rangesh , Pujitha Gunaratne , Mohan Trivedi

With increasing automation in passenger vehicles, the study of safe and smooth occupant-vehicle interaction and control transitions is key. In this study, we focus on the development of contextual, semantically meaningful representations of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-07-26 Akshay Rangesh , Nachiket Deo , Ross Greer , Pujitha Gunaratne , Mohan M. Trivedi

With the automotive industry transitioning towards conditionally automated driving, takeover warning systems are crucial for ensuring safe collaborative driving between users and semi-automated vehicles. However, previous work has focused…

In SAE Level 3 automated driving, taking over control from automation raises significant safety concerns because drivers out of the vehicle control loop have difficulty negotiating takeover transitions. Existing studies on takeover…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Na Du , X. Jessie Yang , Feng Zhou

The level of automation in vehicles will significantly increase over the next decade. As automation will become more and more common, vehicles will not be able to master all traffic related situations for a long time by themselves. In such…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-01-26 Andreas Otte , Jonas Vogt , Jens Staub , Niclas Wolniak , Horst Wieker

The transition of control from autonomous systems to human drivers is critical in automated driving systems, particularly due to the out-of-the-loop (OOTL) circumstances that reduce driver readiness and increase reaction times. Existing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Dikshant Shehmar , Matthew E. Taylor , Ehsan Hashemi

In conditional automation, a response from the driver is expected when a take over request is issued due to unexpected events, emergencies, or reaching the operational design domain boundaries. Cooperation between the automated driving…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Walter Morales-Alvarez , Novel Certad , Hadj. Hamma Tadjine , Cristina Olaverri-Monreal

Trust calibration presents a main challenge during the interaction between drivers and automated vehicles (AVs). In order to calibrate trust, it is important to measure drivers' trust in real time. One possible method is through modeling…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-12-02 Jackie Ayoub , Lilit Avetisian , X. Jessie Yang , Feng Zhou

Understanding how trust is built over time is essential, as trust plays an important role in the acceptance and adoption of automated vehicles (AVs). This study aimed to investigate the effects of system performance and participants' trust…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-12-09 Jackie Ayoub , Lilit Avetisyan , Mustapha Makki , Feng Zhou
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