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The magnetic structure and phase diagram of the layered ferromagnetic compound Fe$_3$GeTe$_2$ has been investigated by a combination of synthesis, x-ray and neutron diffraction, high resolution microscopy, and magnetization measurements.…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2016-01-13 Andrew F. May , Stuart Calder , Claudia Cantoni , Huibo Cao , Michael A. McGuire

Van der Waals heterostructures have risen as a tunable platform to combine different electronic orders, due to the flexibility in stacking different materials with competing symmetry broken states. Among them, van der Waals ferromagnets…

Superconductivity · Physics 2022-02-09 Faluke Aikebaier , Tero T. Heikkilä , J. L. Lado

Antiferromagnetic (AFM) van der Waals (vdW) materials provide a novel platform for synthetic AFM spintronics, in which the spin-related functionalities are derived from manipulating spin configurations between the layers. Metallic vdW…

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are promising materials for efficient generation of current-induced spin-orbit torques on an adjacent ferromagnetic layer. Numerous effects, both interfacial and bulk, have been put forward to explain…

Fe5-xGeTe2 is a van der Waals material with one of the highest reported bulk Curie temperatures, $T_C$ ~ 310K. In this study, theoretical calculations and experiments are utilized to demonstrate that the magnetic ground state is highly…

Materials Science · Physics 2020-08-20 Andrew F. May , Mao-Hua Du , Valentino R. Cooper , Michael A. McGuire

Topological insulators (TIs) with spin momentum locked topological surface states (TSS) are expected to exhibit a giant spin-orbit torque (SOT) in the TI/ferromagnet systems. To date, the TI SOT driven magnetization switching is solely…

The spin Hall effect (SHE) allows efficient generation of spin polarization or spin current through charge current and plays a crucial role in the development of spintronics. While SHE typically occurs in non-magnetic materials and is…

Effectively tuning magnetic state by using current is essential for novel spintronic devices. Magnetic van der Waals (vdW) materials have shown superior properties for the applications of magnetic information storage based on the efficient…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-09-30 Shaohua Yan , Shangjie Tian , Yang Fu , Fanyu Meng , Zhiteng Li , Hechang Lei , Shouguo Wang , Xiao Zhang

Van der Waals materials are a new platform to study two-dimensional systems, including magnetic order. Since the number of spins is relatively small, measuring the magnetization is challenging. Here we report spin Hall magnetoresistance…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-06-22 F. Feringa , G. E. W. Bauer , B. J. van Wees

Electric field induced spin-orbit torques are the crucial mechanism for electric regulations of antiferromagnetic order. However, the spin-orbit torques in antiferromagnets and the induced spin dynamics remain largely unexplored. In this…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-12-12 Yizhuo Song , Jianting Dong , Jiahao Shentu , Jia Zhang

Recently discovered 2D van der Waals magnetic materials, and specifically Iron-Germanium-Telluride ($\rm Fe_{5}GeTe_{2}$), have attracted significant attention both from a fundamental perspective and for potential applications. Key open…

The weak interlayer coupling in van der Waals (vdW) magnets has confined their application to two dimensional (2D) spintronic devices. Here, we demonstrate that the interlayer coupling in a vdW magnet Fe$_3$GeTe$_2$ (FGT) can be largely…

The discovery of van der Waals (vdW) magnets opened up a new paradigm for condensed matter physics and spintronic technologies. However, the operations of active spintronic devices with vdW magnets are so far limited to cryogenic…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-07-02 Bing Zhao , Roselle Ngaloy , Anamul Md. Hoque , Bogdan Karpiak , Dmitrii Khokhriakov , Saroj P. Dash

Three-dimensional van der Waals ferromagnet Fe$_3$GeTe$_2$ (FGT) is regarded as a candidate for the magnetic topological nodal line semimetal. We investigate lateral electron transport between two 3~$\mu$m spaced superconducting In leads…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-12-16 O. O. Shvetsov , Yu. S. Barash , A. V. Timonina , N. N. Kolesnikov , E. V. Deviatov

Electric control of magnetization dynamics in two-dimensional (2D) magnetic materials is an essential step for the development of novel spintronic nanodevices. Electrostatic gating has been shown to greatly affect the static magnetic…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-09-25 Freddie Hendriks , Rafael R. Rojas-Lopez , Bert Koopmans , Marcos H. D. Guimaraes

It has been long hoped that the realization of long-range ferromagnetic order in two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) crystals, combined with their rich electronic and optical properties, would open up new possibilities for magnetic,…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2017-05-02 Cheng Gong , Lin Li , Zhenglu Li , Huiwen Ji , Alex Stern , Yang Xia , Ting Cao , Wei Bao , Chenzhe Wang , Yuan Wang , Z. Q. Qiu , R. J. Cava , Steven G. Louie , Jing Xia , Xiang Zhang

Electrical manipulation of magnetization is essential for integration of magnetic functionalities such as magnetic memories and magnetic logic devices into electronic circuits. The current induced spin-orbit torque (SOT) in heavy…

Fe3-xGeTe2 is an itinerant ferromagnet composed of two-dimensional layers weakly connected by van der Waals bonding that shows a variety of intriguing phenomena. Inelastic neutron scattering measurements on bulk single crystals of…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2019-03-27 S. Calder , A. I. Kolesnikov , A. F. May

So far, studies of spin-orbit torques (SOT) in ferromagnets with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) have been restricted to ultra thin samples, while a systematic study of its thickness dependence is still lacking in literature. In…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2018-06-08 Niklas Roschewsky , Charles-Henri Lambert , Sayeef Salahuddin

The time-dependent spin current mediated spin transfer torque behaviour has been investigated via scattering formalism within density functional theory framework supported by Green's function. Quantum magnetotransport characteristics have…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2020-08-10 Sushant Kumar Behera , Pritam Deb