Related papers: Study on higher moments of net-charge multiplicity…
The time evolution of particle number fluctuations in nuclear collisions at intermediate energies ($E_{\rm lab} = 1.23-10A$ GeV) is studied by means of the UrQMD-3.5 transport model. The transport description incorporates baryonic…
In dynamic systems, charge susceptibilities and local charge correlations change with time. These changes are accompanied by non-local correlations which spread diffusively with time and are constrained by local charge conservation.…
Comparing quantities to analyze charged fluctuations in heavy ion experiments the dispersion of the charges in a central rapidity box was found to be best suited. Various energies and different nuclear sizes are considered in an explicit…
The search for a possible critical point in the QCD phase diagram is ongoing in heavy ion collision experiments at RHIC which scan the phase diagram by scanning the beam energy; a coming upgrade will increase the luminosity and extend the…
We present measurements of cumulants of event-by-event net-proton distribution at mid-rapidity and their ratios up to the sixth order as a function of charged-particle multiplicity in Zr+Zr and Ru+Ru(isobars) collisions at a nucleon-nucleon…
The region of large net-baryon densities in the QCD phase diagram is expected to exhibit a first-order phase transition. Experimentally, its study will be one of the primaryobjectives for the upcoming FAIR accelerator. We model the…
Event-by-event multiplicity fluctuations in nucleus-nucleus collisions are studied within the relativistic transport models: EPOS, PHSD, and UrQMD. As measures of particle number fluctuations we consider the scaled variances $\omega[X]$ for…
The charged particles produced in heavy ion collisions consist of two parts: One is from the freeze-out of hot and dense matter formed in collisions. The other is from the leading particles. In this paper, the hot and dense matter is…
The exploration of the Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) phase diagram is a central goal of relativistic heavy-ion collision experiments. This review focuses on the role of fluctuations and correlations as sensitive probes of the phase…
We analyze the evolution of hydrodynamic fluctuations in a heavy ion collision as the system passes close to the QCD critical point. We introduce two small dimensionless parameters $\lambda$ and $\Delta_s$ to characterize the evolution.…
The dynamic separation into phases of high and low baryon density in a heavy ion collision can enhance fluctuations of the net rapidity density of baryons compared to model expectations. We demonstrate that event-by-event proton and…
We study the effect of the QCD critical point on non-Gaussian moments (cumulants) of fluctuations of experimental observables in heavy-ion collisions. We find that these moments are very sensitive to the proximity of the critical point, as…
Cumulants of conserved charges fluctuations are regarded as a potential tool to study the criticality in the QCD phase diagram and to determine the freeze-out parameters in a model-independent way. At LHC energies, the measurements of the…
Rapidity/seudorapidity densities for charged particles and their centrality, rapidity and energy dependence in Au+Au collisions at RHIC are studied in a quark combination model. Using a Gaussian-type rapidity distribution for constituent…
Event-by-event fluctuations of the net-proton number studied in heavy-ion collisions provide an important means in the search for the conjectured critical end point (CP) in the QCD phase diagram. We propose a phenomenological model in which…
Heavy-ion collisions at relativistic energies probe matter at extreme conditions of temperatures and energy densities. The study of event-by-event fluctuations of experimental observables is crucial to probe the QCD phase transition, locate…
With the help of transport and statistical models, we find that the ratios of higher net-proton cumulants measured at RHIC are dominated by the statistical fluctuations. Future measurements should focus on the dynamical fluctuations, which…
Multiplicity fluctuations of positively, negatively and all charged hadrons in the forward hemisphere were studied in central Pb+Pb collisions at 20A, 30A, 40A, 80A and 158A GeV. The multiplicity distributions and their scaled variances are…
The multiplicity fluctuations are sensitive to QCD phase transition and to the presence of critical point in QCD phase diagram. At critical point a system undergoing phase transition is characterized by large fluctuations in the observables…
We study the effects of correlations on cumulants and their ratios of net-proton multiplicity distributions which have been measured for central (0\%-5\%) Au + Au collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). This effect has…