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We formalize the problem of prompt compression for large language models (LLMs) and present a framework to unify token-level prompt compression methods which create hard prompts for black-box models. We derive the distortion-rate function…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Alliot Nagle , Adway Girish , Marco Bondaschi , Michael Gastpar , Ashok Vardhan Makkuva , Hyeji Kim

Achieving successful variable bitrate compression with computationally simple algorithms from a single end-to-end learned image or video compression model remains a challenge. Many approaches have been proposed, including conditional…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-01 Fatih Kamisli , Fabien Racape , Hyomin Choi

Predictive coding is attractive for compression onboard of spacecrafts thanks to its low computational complexity, modest memory requirements and the ability to accurately control quality on a pixel-by-pixel basis. Traditionally, predictive…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-01-15 Diego Valsesia , Enrico Magli

This paper considers the problem of compressive sensing over a finite alphabet, where the finite alphabet may be inherent to the nature of the data or a result of quantization. There are multiple examples of finite alphabet based static as…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2013-03-19 Abhik Kumar Das , Sriram Vishwanath

A lot of work has been done in the field of image compression via machine learning, but not much attention has been given to the compression of natural language. Compressing text into lossless representations while making features easily…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-05 Gabriele Prato , Mathieu Duchesneau , Sarath Chandar , Alain Tapp

This paper describes a new method of data encoding which may be used in various modern digital, computer and telecommunication systems and devices. The method permits the compression of data for storage or transmission, allowing the exact…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2012-01-27 Igor Nesiolovskiy , Artem Nesiolovskiy

Run Length Encoding(RLE) is one of the oldest algorithms for data-compression available, a method used for compression of large data into smaller and therefore more compact data. It compresses by looking at the data for repetitions of the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-01-23 Meo Mespotine

Effective training of today's large language models (LLMs) depends on large batches and long sequences for throughput and accuracy. To handle variable-length sequences on hardware accelerators, it is common practice to introduce padding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-07 Mario Michael Krell , Matej Kosec , Sergio P. Perez , Andrew Fitzgibbon

The ever-growing size of neural networks poses serious challenges on resource-constrained devices, such as embedded sensors. Compression algorithms that reduce their size can mitigate these problems, provided that model performance stays…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Alexander Conzelmann , Robert Bamler

Storage systems often rely on multiple copies of the same compressed data, enabling recovery in case of binary data errors, of course, at the expense of a higher storage cost. In this paper we show that a wiser method of duplication entails…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2019-02-08 Yehuda Dar , Alfred M. Bruckstein

Model compression has gained significant popularity as a means to alleviate the computational and memory demands of machine learning models. Each compression technique leverages unique features to reduce the size of neural networks.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Yingtao Shen , Minqing Sun , Jianzhe Lin , Jie Zhao , An Zou

We develop a simple and elegant method for lossless compression using latent variable models, which we call 'bits back with asymmetric numeral systems' (BB-ANS). The method involves interleaving encode and decode steps, and achieves an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-23 James Townsend

Bitmap indexes must be compressed to reduce input/output costs and minimize CPU usage. To accelerate logical operations (AND, OR, XOR) over bitmaps, we use techniques based on run-length encoding (RLE), such as Word-Aligned Hybrid (WAH)…

Databases · Computer Science 2016-08-02 Daniel Lemire , Owen Kaser , Kamel Aouiche

Existing time series tokenization methods predominantly encode a constant number of samples into individual tokens. This inflexible approach can generate excessive tokens for even simple patterns like extended constant values, resulting in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Leon Götz , Marcel Kollovieh , Stephan Günnemann , Leo Schwinn

Existing work on prompt compression for Large Language Models (LLM) focuses on lossy methods that try to maximize the retention of semantic information that is relevant to downstream tasks while significantly reducing the sequence length.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-22 John Harvill , Ziwei Fan , Hao Wang , Luke Huan , Anoop Deoras , Yizhou Sun , Hao Ding

We propose a general method for semantic representation of images and other data using progressive coding. Semantic coding allows for specific pieces of information to be selectively encoded into a set of measurements that can be highly…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-29 Eva Riherd , Raghu Mudumbai , Weiyu Xu

We present an optimal method for encoding cluster assignments of arbitrary data sets. Our method, Random Cycle Coding (RCC), encodes data sequentially and sends assignment information as cycles of the permutation defined by the order of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Daniel Severo , Ashish Khisti , Alireza Makhzani

The rapid growth of digital data has heightened the demand for efficient lossless compression methods. However, existing algorithms exhibit trade-offs: some achieve high compression ratios, others excel in encoding or decoding speed, and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Md. Atiqur Rahman , MM Fazle Rabbi

Sorted data is usually easier to compress than unsorted permutations of the same data. This motivates a simple compression scheme: specify the sorted permutation of the data along with a representation of the sorted data compressed…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-11-24 Oscar Stiffelman

With the ever-increasing volume of visual data, the efficient and lossless transmission, along with its subsequent interpretation and understanding, has become a critical bottleneck in modern information systems. The emerged codebook-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Yongbo Wang , Haonan Wang , Guodong Mu , Ruixin Zhang , Jiaqi Chen , Jingyun Zhang , Jun Wang , Yuan Xie , Zhizhong Zhang , Shouhong Ding