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Related papers: Encoding classical data into a quantum computer

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We provide modular circuit-level implementations and resource estimates for several methods of block-encoding a dense $N\times N$ matrix of classical data to precision $\epsilon$; the minimal-depth method achieves a $T$-depth of…

Quantum computing often requires classical data to be supplied to execution environments that may not be fully trusted or isolated. While encryption protects data at rest and in transit, it provides limited protection once computation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Amal Raj , Vivek Balachandran

This paper describes a novel approach to emulate a universal quantum computer with a wholly classical system, one that uses a signal of bounded duration and amplitude to represent an arbitrary quantum state. The signal may be of any…

In previous work we have proposed a construction of quantum-like bits that could endow a large synchronizing classical system, for example of oscillators, with quantum-like function that is not compromised by decoherence. In the present…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-28 Graziano Amati , Gregory D. Scholes

Quantum state preparation (QSP) for a general $n$-qubit state requires $O(2^n)$ CNOT gates and circuit depth, making exact amplitude encoding (EAE) impractical for near-term quantum hardware. We introduce an ancilla-free hybrid…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-02 Emad Rezaei Fard Boosari , Maryam Afsary

In this manuscript, we present a general and exact method for classicalizing the dynamics of any $N$-level quantum system, transforming quantum evolution into a classical-like framework using the geometry of complex projective spaces…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-06 Daniel Martínez-Gil , Pedro Bargueño , Salvador Miret-Artés

The two essential ideas in this paper are, on the one hand, that a considerable amount of the power of quantum computation may be obtained by adding to a classical computer a few specialized quantum modules and, on the other hand, that such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-15 R. Vilela Mendes

We discuss a new approach to simulate quantum algorithms using classical probabilistic bits and circuits. Each qubit (a two-level quantum system) is initially mapped to a vector in an eight dimensional probability space (equivalently, to a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-28 D. D. Yavuz , A. Yadav

Over decades traditional information theory of source and channel coding advances toward learning and effective extraction of information from data. We propose to go one step further and offer a theoretical foundation for learning classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-15 Mohsen Heidari , Arun Padakandla , Wojciech Szpankowski

Emerging quantum algorithms that process data require that classical input data be represented as a quantum state. These data-processing algorithms often follow the gate model of quantum computing--which requires qubits to be initialized to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-21 Aviraj Sinha , Elena R. Henderson , Jessie M. Henderson , Mitchell A. Thornton

Especially sparse quantum states can be efficiently encoded with simple classical data structures. We show the admissibility of using a classical database to encode quantum states for a few practical examples and argue in favor of further…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-26 Thomas Gabor , Marian Lingsch Rosenfeld , Claudia Linnhoff-Popien

The equivalence between the instructions used to define programs and the input data on which the instructions operate is a basic principle of classical computer architectures and programming. Replacing classical data with quantum states…

We present a hybrid quantum-classical algorithm to simulate thermal states of a classical Hamiltonians on a quantum computer. Our scheme employs a sequence of locally controlled rotations, building up the desired state by adding qubits one…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-17 Man-Hong Yung , Daniel Nagaj , James D. Whitfield , Alán Aspuru-Guzik

We study concretely how classical signals should be processed in quantum cluster-state computation. Deforming corresponding quantum teleportation circuit, we find a simple rule of a classical signal-flow to obtain correct quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-06-16 Kazuto Oshima

In this paper, an algorithm for Quantum Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (QIFFT) is developed to work for quantum data. Analogous to a classical discrete signal, a quantum signal can be represented in Dirac notation, application of QIFFT is a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-13 Mayank Roy , Devi Maheswaran

We have shown that quantum systems on finite-dimensional Hilbert spaces are equivalent under local transformations. Using these transformations give rise to a gauge group that connects the hamiltonian operators associated with each quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-02 M. Caruso

We study the problem of decoding classical information encoded on quantum states at the output of a quantum channel, with particular focus on increasing the communication rates towards the maximum allowed by Quantum Mechanics. After a brief…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-10-25 Matteo Rosati

Quantum teleportation allows one to transmit an arbitrary qubit from point A to point B using a pair of (pre-shared) entangled qubits and classical bits of information. The conventional protocol for teleportation uses two bits of classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-17 Abhishek Parakh

We extract the information of a quantum motion and decode it into a certain orbit via a single measurable quantity. Such that a quantum chaotic system can be reconstructed as a chaotic attractor. Two configurations for reconstructing this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-19 Nan Yang , Xuedong Hu , Yong-Chun Liu , Ting Yu , Franco Nori

Quantum computers process information with the laws of quantum mechanics. Current quantum hardware is noisy, can only store information for a short time, and is limited to a few quantum bits, i.e., qubits, typically arranged in a planar…