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The storage and processing of quantum information are susceptible to external noise, resulting in computational errors that are inherently continuous A powerful method to suppress these effects is to use quantum error correction. Typically,…

Quantum burst error correction codes (QBECCs) are of great importance to deal with the memory effect in quantum channels. As the most important family of QBECCs, quantum cyclic codes (QCCs) play a vital role in the correction of burst…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-03 Jihao Fan , Min-Hsiu Hsieh

Collective coherent (CC) errors are inevitable, as every physical qubit undergoes free evolution under its kinetic Hamiltonian. These errors can be more damaging than stochastic Pauli errors because they affect all qubits coherently,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-14 En-Jui Chang

Quantum error correction is crucial for protecting quantum information against decoherence. Traditional codes like the surface code require substantial overhead, making them impractical for near-term, early fault-tolerant devices. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-13 Nico Meyer , Christopher Mutschler , Andreas Maier , Daniel D. Scherer

Surface codes are promising for practical quantum error correction due to their high threshold and experimental feasibility. However, their performance under realistic noise conditions, particularly those involving correlated errors,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-19 SiYing Wang , Yue Yan , ZhiXin Xia , Xiang-Bin Wang

We present a general framework for applying linear quantum error mitigation (QEM) techniques directly to physical qubits within a logical qubit to suppress logical errors. By exploiting the linearity of quantum error correction (QEC), we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-27 Minjun Jeon , Zhenyu Cai

Collective coherent noise poses challenges for fault-tolerant quantum error correction (FTQEC), as it falls outside the usual stochastic noise models. While constant excitation (CE) codes can naturally avoid coherent noise, a complete…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-15 Ching-Yi Lai , Pei-Hao Liou , Yingkai Ouyang

As quantum computing advances toward fault-tolerant architectures, quantum error detection (QED) has emerged as a practical and scalable intermediate strategy in the transition from error mitigation to full error correction. By identifying…

Leakage errors, in which a qubit is excited to a level outside the qubit subspace, represent a significant obstacle in the development of robust quantum computers. We present a computationally efficient simulation methodology for studying…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-22 Hidetaka Manabe , Yasunari Suzuki , Andrew S. Darmawan

Quantum error correction requires the use of error syndromes derived from measurements that may be unreliable. Recently, quantum data-syndrome (QDS) codes have been proposed as a possible approach to protect against both data and syndrome…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-06 Andrew Nemec

Quantum error correction is capable of digitizing quantum noise and increasing the robustness of qubits. Typically, error correction is designed with the target of eliminating all errors - making an error so unlikely it can be assumed that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-20 Salonik Resch , Ulya R. Karpuzcu

We present a method of concatenated quantum error correction in which improved classical processing is used with existing quantum codes and fault-tolerant circuits to more reliably correct errors. Rather than correcting each level of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-10-26 Zachary W. E. Evans , Ashley M. Stephens

Quantum error correction (QEC) aims to protect logical qubits from noises by utilizing the redundancy of a large Hilbert space, where an error, once it occurs, can be detected and corrected in real time. In most QEC codes, a logical qubit…

Quantum error correcting codes (QECCs) are the means of choice whenever quantum systems suffer errors, e.g., due to imperfect devices, environments, or faulty channels. By now, a plethora of families of codes is known, but there is no…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-14 Benjamin Desef , Martin B. Plenio

In near-term quantum computations that do not employ error correction, noise can proliferate rapidly, corrupting the quantum state and making results unreliable. These errors originate from both decoherence and control imprecision. The…

Certain physical aspects of quantum error correction are discussed for a quantum computer (n-qubit register) in contact with a decohering environment. Under rather plausible assumptions upon the form of the computer-environment interaction,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-02-03 M. Biskup , P. Cejnar , R. Kotecky

Quantum Error Correction (QEC) is essential for future quantum computers due to its ability to exponentially suppress physical errors. The surface code is a leading error-correcting code candidate because of its local topological structure,…

In the current Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum (NISQ) era of quantum computing, qubit technologies are prone to imperfections, giving rise to various errors such as gate errors, decoherence/dephasing, measurement errors, leakage, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-22 Avimita Chatterjee , Koustubh Phalak , Swaroop Ghosh

Quantum computers have the potential to provide exponential speedups over their classical counterparts. Quantum principles are being applied to fields such as communications, information processing, and artificial intelligence to achieve…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-21 Arijit Mondal , Keshab K. Parhi

Coherent errors, which arise from collective couplings, are a dominant form of noise in many realistic quantum systems, and are more damaging than oft considered stochastic errors. Here, we propose integrating stabilizer codes with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-03 Yingkai Ouyang