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Related papers: Mind the Income Gap: Bias Correction of Inequality…

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We present a new method in problems where estimates are needed for finite population domains with small or even zero sample sizes. In contrast to known estimation methods, an auxiliary information is used to model sizes of population units…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2014-06-23 Andrius Čiginas , Tomas Rudys

We study the problems related to the estimation of the Gini index in presence of a fat-tailed data generating process, i.e. one in the stable distribution class with finite mean but infinite variance (i.e. with tail index $\alpha\in(1,2)$).…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-05-02 Andrea Fontanari , Nassim Nicholas Taleb , Pasquale Cirillo

We consider concepts and models for measuring inequality in the distribution of resources with a focus on how inequality varies as a function of covariates. Lorenz introduced a device for measuring inequality in the distribution of income…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2008-12-02 Rolf Aaberge , Steinar Bjerve , Kjell Doksum

The Gini index is a popular inequality measure with many applications in social and economic studies. This paper studies semiparametric inference on the Gini indices of two semicontinuous populations. We characterize the distribution of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-06-08 Meng Yuan , Pengfei Li , Changbao Wu

The underlying idea behind the construction of indices of economic inequality is based on measuring deviations of various portions of low incomes from certain references or benchmarks, that could be point measures like population mean or…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-08-04 Francesca Greselin , Ricardas Zitikis

Inequality is an inherent part of our lives: we see it in the distribution of incomes, talents, resources, and citations, amongst many others. Its intensity varies across different environments: from relatively evenly distributed ones, to…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-04-18 Lucio Bertoli-Barsotti , Marek Gagolewski , Grzegorz Siudem , Barbara Żogała-Siudem

This chapter reviews indirect estimators of intergenerational mobility, focusing on approaches that infer parent-child or other family associations when direct income data are incomplete or unavailable. We synthesize methods based on…

General Economics · Economics 2026-05-20 Andrea Del Pizzo , Martin Nybom , Jan Stuhler

This paper develops a theory and methodology for estimation of Gini index such that both cost of sampling and estimation error are minimum. Methods in which sample size is fixed in advance, cannot minimize estimation error and sampling cost…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-09-21 Shyamal Krishna De , Bhargab Chattopadhyay

This paper proposes a new model-based approach to small area estimation of general finite-population parameters based on grouped data or frequency data, which is often available from sample surveys. Grouped data contains information on…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-09-20 Yuki Kawakubo , Genya Kobayashi

The aim of this paper is to present an original approach to estimate the gender pay gap. We propose a model-based decomposition, similar to the most popular approaches, where the first component measures differences in group characteristics…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-12-02 M. J. Lombardía , E. López-Vizcaíno , C. Rueda

The Gini index is a function that attempts to measure the amount of inequality in the distribution of a finite resource throughout a population. It is commonly used in economics as a measure of inequality of income or wealth. We define a…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2023-05-23 Grant Kopitzke

Microscopic models describing a whole of economic interactions in a closed society are considered. The presence of a tax system combined with a redistribution process is taken into account, as well as the occurrence of tax evasion. In…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2017-01-11 M. L. Bertotti , G. Modanese

U.S. state education agencies mark schools displaying achievement gaps between demographic subgroups as needing improvement. Some schools may have few students in these subgroups, such that average end-of-year test scores only noisily…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-10 Joshua Wasserman , Michael R. Elliott , Ben B. Hansen

We introduce two families of inequality measures, $G_p$ and $H_q$, that converge to the classical Gini coefficient as $p,q\to\infty$. The tuning parameters $p>1$ and $q>0$ regulate the influence of disparities between observations. For each…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-11 Roberto Vila , Helton Saulo

Assessing the fairness of a decision making system with respect to a protected class, such as gender or race, is challenging when class membership labels are unavailable. Probabilistic models for predicting the protected class based on…

Applications · Statistics 2018-11-28 Jiahao Chen , Nathan Kallus , Xiaojie Mao , Geoffry Svacha , Madeleine Udell

We formulate a flexible micro-to-macro kinetic model which is able to explain the emergence of income profiles out of a whole of individual economic interactions. The model is expressed by a system of several nonlinear differential…

Economics · Quantitative Finance 2016-11-28 Maria Letizia Bertotti , Giovanni Modanese

Various papers demonstrate the importance of inequality, poverty and the size of the middle class for economic growth. When explaining why these measures of the income distribution are added to the growth regression, it is often mentioned…

Econometrics · Economics 2019-03-07 Max Köhler , Stefan Sperlich , Jisu Yoon

The financial and economic crisis recently experienced by many European countries has increased demand for timely, coherent and consistent distributional information for the household sector. In the Euro area, most of the NCBs collect such…

General Economics · Economics 2021-01-27 Michele Cantarella , Andrea Neri , Maria Giovanna Ranalli

Background: Measurement errors in terms of quantification or classification frequently occur in epidemiologic data and can strongly impact inference. Measurement errors may occur when ascertaining, recording or extracting data. Although the…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-10-22 Walter K Kremers

Data collected in the real world often encapsulates historical discrimination against disadvantaged groups and individuals. Existing fair machine learning (FairML) research has predominantly focused on mitigating discriminative bias in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Zhining Liu , Ruizhong Qiu , Zhichen Zeng , Yada Zhu , Hendrik Hamann , Hanghang Tong