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We argue that the machine learning problem of model extraction is actually a cryptanalytic problem in disguise, and should be studied as such. Given oracle access to a neural network, we introduce a differential attack that can efficiently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-23 Nicholas Carlini , Matthew Jagielski , Ilya Mironov

Model inversion (MI) attacks are aimed at reconstructing training data from model parameters. Such attacks have triggered increasing concerns about privacy, especially given a growing number of online model repositories. However, existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-20 Si Chen , Mostafa Kahla , Ruoxi Jia , Guo-Jun Qi

Federated Learning (FL) is a popular collaborative learning scheme involving multiple clients and a server. FL focuses on protecting clients' data but turns out to be highly vulnerable to Intellectual Property (IP) threats. Since FL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-16 Jingtao Li , Adnan Siraj Rakin , Xing Chen , Li Yang , Zhezhi He , Deliang Fan , Chaitali Chakrabarti

Model inversion (MI) attacks have raised increasing concerns about privacy, which can reconstruct training data from public models. Indeed, MI attacks can be formalized as an optimization problem that seeks private data in a certain space.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Xiaojian Yuan , Kejiang Chen , Jie Zhang , Weiming Zhang , Nenghai Yu , Yang Zhang

Despite significant advancements, large language models (LLMs) still struggle with providing accurate answers when lacking domain-specific or up-to-date knowledge. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) addresses this limitation by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Yuefeng Peng , Junda Wang , Hong Yu , Amir Houmansadr

Machine learning models, especially deep neural networks have been shown to be susceptible to privacy attacks such as membership inference where an adversary can detect whether a data point was used for training a black-box model. Such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-20 Shruti Tople , Amit Sharma , Aditya Nori

In privacy-preserving machine learning, it is common that the owner of the learned model does not have any physical access to the data. Instead, only a secured remote access to a data lake is granted to the model owner without any ability…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-06-08 Huiyu Li , Nicholas Ayache , Hervé Delingette

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have demonstrated superior performance in various applications, such as recommendation systems and financial risk management. However, deploying large-scale GNN models locally is particularly challenging for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Bolin Shen , Md Shamim Seraj , Zhan Cheng , Shayok Chakraborty , Yushun Dong

Model-based attacks can infer training data information from deep neural network models. These attacks heavily depend on the attacker's knowledge of the application domain, e.g., using it to determine the auxiliary data for model-inversion…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-23 Yuechun Gu , Keke Chen

Model inversion (MI) attacks aim to infer and reconstruct private training data by abusing access to a model. MI attacks have raised concerns about the leaking of sensitive information (e.g. private face images used in training a face…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Ngoc-Bao Nguyen , Keshigeyan Chandrasegaran , Milad Abdollahzadeh , Ngai-Man Cheung

The success of deep neural networks has driven numerous research studies and applications from Euclidean to non-Euclidean data. However, there are increasing concerns about privacy leakage, as these networks rely on processing private data.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Zhanke Zhou , Jianing Zhu , Fengfei Yu , Xuan Li , Xiong Peng , Tongliang Liu , Bo Han

Data lakes enable the training of powerful machine learning models on sensitive, high-value medical datasets, but also introduce serious privacy risks due to potential leakage of protected health information. Recent studies show adversaries…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Elie Thellier , Huiyu Li , Nicholas Ayache , Hervé Delingette

The Deep Leakage from Gradient (DLG) attack has emerged as a prevalent and highly effective method for extracting sensitive training data by inspecting exchanged gradients. This approach poses a substantial threat to the privacy of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Chenyang Li , Zhao Song , Weixin Wang , Chiwun Yang

Adversarial extraction attacks constitute an insidious threat against Deep Learning (DL) models in-which an adversary aims to steal the architecture, parameters, and hyper-parameters of a targeted DL model. Existing extraction attack…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-02-01 William Hackett , Stefan Trawicki , Zhengxin Yu , Neeraj Suri , Peter Garraghan

Machine learning models, especially deep models, may unintentionally remember information about their training data. Malicious attackers can thus pilfer some property about training data by attacking the model via membership inference…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-24 Kongyang Chen , Yao Huang , Yiwen Wang

Understanding when and how much a model gradient leaks information about the training sample is an important question in privacy. In this paper, we present a surprising result: even without training or memorizing the data, we can fully…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Zihan Wang , Jason D. Lee , Qi Lei

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have been shown to be vulnerable against adversarial examples (AEs) which are maliciously designed to fool target models. The normal examples (NEs) added with imperceptible adversarial perturbation, can be a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-31 Mingyu Dong , Jiahao Chen , Diqun Yan , Jingxing Gao , Li Dong , Rangding Wang

This paper studies extractable memorization: training data that an adversary can efficiently extract by querying a machine learning model without prior knowledge of the training dataset. We show an adversary can extract gigabytes of…

Automated scraping stands out as a common method for collecting data in deep learning models without the authorization of data owners. Recent studies have begun to tackle the privacy concerns associated with this data collection method.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Thushari Hapuarachchi , Jing Lin , Kaiqi Xiong , Mohamed Rahouti , Gitte Ost

Meta-learning involves multiple learners, each dedicated to specific tasks, collaborating in a data-constrained setting. In current meta-learning methods, task learners locally learn models from sensitive data, termed support sets. These…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Mina Rafiei , Mohammadmahdi Maheri , Hamid R. Rabiee
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