Related papers: A new method of carbon budget analysis with applic…
The information entropy budget and the rate of information transfer between variables is studied in the context of a nonlinear reduced-order atmospheric model. The key ingredients of the dynamics are present in this model, namely the…
The latest trends in the adoption of cloud, edge, and distributed computing, as well as a rise in applying AI/ML workloads, have created a need to measure, monitor, and reduce the carbon emissions of these compute-intensive workloads and…
Context. The outer Milky Way has a lower metallicity than our solar neighbourhood, but still many molecules are detected in the region. Molecular line ratios can serve as probes to better understand the chemistry and physics in these…
The conventional observables to identify a habitable or inhabited environment in exoplanets, such as an ocean glint or abundant atmospheric O$_2$, will be challenging to detect with present or upcoming observatories. Here we suggest a new…
Atmospheric Carbon Monoxide (CO) provides a window on the chemistry of the atmosphere since it is one of few chemical constituents that can be remotely sensed, and it can be used to determine budgets of other greenhouse gases such as ozone…
A model is proposed to explain the observed correlation between monthly fluctuations in atmospheric CO2 concentrations and temperatures. The model relies on the oceans being in a temperature-dependent equilibrium with the atmosphere. When…
The glaciological record of atmospheric composition suggests O2 has declined over the last 800000 years at an average rate of 0.3 x 1012 mol (Tmol) O2 yr-1. Because the geological carbon cycle regulates long term atmospheric oxygen…
Through an aviation emissions estimation tool that is both publicly-accessible and comprehensive, researchers, planners, and community advocates can help shape a more sustainable and equitable U.S. air transportation system. To this end, we…
The Milky Way Galaxy is literally teeming with exoplanets; thousands of planets have been discovered, with thousands more planet candidates identified. Terrestrial-like planets are quite common around other stars, and are expected to be…
A nondestructive method for estimating the amount of carbon stored by individuals, communities, vegetation types, and coverages, as well as their volume and aboveground biomass, is presented. This methodology is based on information on…
This work presents a novel diagnostic tool for studying the thermodynamics of the climate systems with a wide range of applications, from sensitivity studies to model tuning. It includes a number of modules for assessing the internal energy…
The paper has been suggested by two observations: 1) the atmospheric CO$_2$ growth rate is smaller than that ascribed to the emission of fossil fuels combustion, 2) the fossil fuel reserves are finite. The first observation has lead the way…
The ventilation of carbon dioxide within subterranean caves regulates the growth of speleothems --- mineral deposits found in caves that provide important clues about past climate. While previous studies have used internal temperature…
This paper presents a methodology for allocating energy consumption to multiple users of shared data center machines, infrastructure, and software. Google uses this methodology to provide carbon reporting data for enterprise customers of…
In order to better comprehend the global carbon cycle and predict the prognosis for the response to climate change, accurate assessment of sea-air CO2 flux is necessary. Comparing to the relative homogeneously distribution of atmospheric…
Recent observations indicate potentially carbon-rich exoplanet atmospheres. Spectral fitting methods for brown dwarfs and exoplanets have invoked the C/O ratio as additional parameter but carbon-rich cloud formation modeling is a challenge…
Global climate changes are related to the ocean's store of carbon. We study a carbonate system of the upper ocean, which has metastable and oscillatory regimes, under small random fluctuations. We calculate the most probable transition path…
The Global Carbon Budget, maintained by the Global Carbon Project, summarizes Earth's global carbon cycle through four annual time series beginning in 1959: atmospheric CO$_2$ concentrations, anthropogenic CO$_2$ emissions, and CO$_2$…
The continuous rise in CO2 emission into the environment is one of the most crucial issues facing the whole world. Many countries are making crucial decisions to control their carbon footprints to escape some of their catastrophic outcomes.…
The transition from a once-dense Martian atmosphere to the thin one observed today implies a substantial loss of carbon, either through atmospheric escape or surface deposition. Accurately modeling this carbon escape necessitates accounting…