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Related papers: Time and its arrow: an empiricist's perspective

200 papers

We investigate the origin of the arrow of time in quantum mechanics in the context of quantum cosmology. The ``Copenhagen'' quantum mechanics of measured subsystems incorporates a fundamental arrow of time. Extending discussions of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-09-25 Murray Gell-Mann , James B. Hartle

In this paper we lay out an argument that generically the psychological arrow of time should align with the thermodynamic arrow of time where that arrow is well-defined. This argument applies to any physical system that can act as a memory,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-17 Leonard Mlodinow , Todd A. Brun

This paper is devoted to discussing the topological structure of the arrow of time. In the literature, it is often accepted that its algebraic and topological structures are that of a one-dimensional Euclidean space $\mathbb{E}^1$, although…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-09-23 B. F. Rizzuti , L. M. Gaio , Lucas T. Cardoso

We humans seem to have an innate understanding of the asymmetric progression of time, which we use to efficiently and safely perceive and manipulate our environment. Drawing inspiration from that, we address the problem of learning an arrow…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-03 Nasim Rahaman , Steffen Wolf , Anirudh Goyal , Roman Remme , Yoshua Bengio

This work explores the implications of assuming time symmetry and applying bridge-type, time-symmetric temporal boundary conditions to deterministic laws of nature with random components. The analysis, drawing on the works of Kolmogorov and…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-06-23 A. Y. Klimenko

In a causal world the direction of the time arrow dictates how past causal events in a variable $X$ produce future effects in $Y$. $X$ is said to cause an effect in $Y$, if the predictability (uncertainty) about the future states of $Y$…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2018-07-24 Ezequiel Bianco-Martinez , Murilo S. Baptista

It is shown that the structures in the universe can be interpreted to show a closed wheel of time, rather than a straight arrow. An analysis in $f(R)$ gravity model has been carried out to show that due to local observations a small arc at…

General Physics · Physics 2018-01-26 Bal Krishna Yadav , Murli Manohar Verma

Time is a parameter playing a central role in our most fundamental modeling of natural laws. Relativity theory shows that the comparison of times measured by different clocks depends on their relative motions and on the strength of the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-11 Pierre Magain , Clémentine Hauret

We present some novel results indicating that time's description in present-day physics is deficient. We use Hawking's information-erasure hypothesis to counter his own claim that time's arrow depends only on initial conditions. Next, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Avshalom C. Elitzur , Shahar Dolev

We distinguish two different concepts of time that play a role in physics: \textit{geometric time} and \textit{creative time}. The former is the time of deterministic physics and merely parametrizes a given evolution. The latter is instead…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2026-02-10 Flavio Del Santo , Nicolas Gisin

The existence of small amounts of advanced radiation, or a tilt in the arrow of time, makes the basic equations of physics mixed-type functional differential equations. The novel features of such equations point to a microphysical structure…

General Physics · Physics 2008-08-12 C. K. Raju

I explain in what sense the structure of space and time is probably vague or indefinite, a notion I define. This leads to the mathematical representation of location in space and time by a vague interval. From this, a principle of…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2023-08-24 Hanoch Ben-Yami

Two people may claim both to be naturalists, but have divergent conceptions of basic elements of the natural world which lead them to mean different things when they talk about laws of nature, or states, or the role of mathematics in…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2013-11-01 Lee Smolin

Fundamental laws of physics are symmetric under time reversal ($T$) symmetry, but the $T$ symmetry is strongly broken in the macroscopic world. In this Perspective, I review $T$ symmetry breaking frameworks: \textit{second law of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-12-06 Mahendra K. Verma

We argue against current proposals concerning the non-existence of time. We point out that a large number of these proposals rely, at least implicitly, on the assumption of `closure' (or `partial closure') of the laws of Physics. I.e. the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-29 Reza Tavakol , Edward Anderson

Uncovering the origin of the arrow of time remains a fundamental scientific challenge. Within the framework of statistical physics, this problem was inextricably associated with the second law of thermodynamics, which declares that entropy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-02-27 G. B. Lesovik , I. A. Sadovskyy , M. V. Suslov , A. V. Lebedev , V. M. Vinokur

Confusion and disagreement around the notion of time is due to the fact that we often fail to recognize that we call 'time' a variety of distinct notions, only partially related to one another. Many apparently obvious properties of time are…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-05-18 Carlo Rovelli

Within the general formalism of quantum theory irreversibility and the arrow of time in the evolution of various physical systems are studied. Irreversible behavior often manifests itself in the guise of entropy production. This motivates…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-10 Jürg Fröhlich

This paper investigates the influence of extra dimensions on the nature of the arrow of time. We demonstrate that the observed arrow of time can be explained by the monotonic growth of the multidimensional manifold's volume. Unlike…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-02-03 Sergey G. Rubin

Have our fundamental theories got time right? Does size really matter? Or is physics all in the eyes of the beholder? In this essay, we question the origin of time and scale by reevaluating the nature of measurement. We then argue for a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-02-06 Sean Gryb , Flavio Mercati