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Deep learning has achieved remarkable success in diverse applications; however, its use in solving partial differential equations (PDEs) has emerged only recently. Here, we present an overview of physics-informed neural networks (PINNs),…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-03 Lu Lu , Xuhui Meng , Zhiping Mao , George E. Karniadakis

The concepts and techniques of physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) is studied and limitations are identified to make it efficient to approximate dynamical equations. Potential working research domains are explored for increasing the…

Computational Physics · Physics 2023-01-13 Siddharth Rout

Temporally and spatially dependent uncertain parameters are regularly encountered in engineering applications. Commonly these uncertainties are accounted for using random fields and processes, which require knowledge about the appearing…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-11-23 Jan Niklas Fuhg , Ioannis Kalogeris , Amélie Fau , Nikolaos Bouklas

Fractional physics-informed neural networks (fPINNs) have been successfully introduced in [Pang, Lu and Karniadakis, SIAM J. Sci. Comput. 41 (2019) A2603-A2626], which observe relative errors of $10^{-3} \, \sim \, 10^{-4}$ for the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-05-29 Na Xue , Minghua Chen

As an emerging technology in deep learning, physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have been widely used to solve various partial differential equations (PDEs) in engineering. However, PDEs based on practical considerations contain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-11 Yuhao Huang

We introduce a sampling based machine learning approach, Monte Carlo physics informed neural networks (MC-PINNs), for solving forward and inverse fractional partial differential equations (FPDEs). As a generalization of physics informed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-28 Ling Guo , Hao Wu , Xiaochen Yu , Tao Zhou

Despite the great promise of the physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) in solving forward and inverse problems, several technical challenges are present as roadblocks for more complex and realistic applications. First, most existing…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2022-01-26 Han Gao , Matthew J. Zahr , Jian-Xun Wang

As a typical application of deep learning, physics-informed neural network (PINN) {has been} successfully used to find numerical solutions of partial differential equations (PDEs), but how to improve the limited accuracy is still a great…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-09 Zhi-Yong Zhang , Hui Zhang , Li-Sheng Zhang , Lei-Lei Guo

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are neural networks (NNs) that directly encode model equations, like Partial Differential Equations (PDEs), in the network itself. While most of the PINN algorithms in the literature minimize the…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Marco Baldan , Paolo Di Barba

Deep learning models trained on finite data lack a complete understanding of the physical world. On the other hand, physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are infused with such knowledge through the incorporation of mathematically…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Jian Cheng Wong , Abhishek Gupta , Chin Chun Ooi , Pao-Hsiung Chiu , Jiao Liu , Yew-Soon Ong

Deep learning methods have gained considerable interest in the numerical solution of various partial differential equations (PDEs). One particular focus is physics-informed neural networks (PINN), which integrate physical principles into…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-12-19 Xi'an Li , Jiaxin Deng , Jinran Wu , Shaotong Zhang , Weide Li , You-Gan Wang

Numerical methods such as finite element have been flourishing in the past decades for modeling solid mechanics problems via solving governing partial differential equations (PDEs). A salient aspect that distinguishes these numerical…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-06-16 Chengping Rao , Hao Sun , Yang Liu

This article introduces Perception-Informed Neural Networks (PrINNs), a framework designed to incorporate perception-based information into neural networks, addressing both systems with known and unknown physics laws or differential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Mehran Mazandarani , Marzieh Najariyan

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are an emerging technique to solve partial differential equations (PDEs). In this work, we propose a simple but effective PINN approach for the phase-field model of ferroelectric microstructure…

Materials Science · Physics 2024-09-06 Lan Shang , Sizheng Zheng , Jin Wang , Jie Wang

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have emerged as a promising mesh-free paradigm for solving partial differential equations, yet adoption in science and engineering is limited by slow training and modest accuracy relative to modern…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Pao-Hsiung Chiu , Jian Cheng Wong , Chin Chun Ooi , Chang Wei , Yuchen Fan , Yew-Soon Ong

I provide an introduction to the application of deep learning and neural networks for solving partial differential equations (PDEs). The approach, known as physics-informed neural networks (PINNs), involves minimizing the residual of the…

Computational Physics · Physics 2024-03-04 Hubert Baty

In this paper, we numerically examine the precision challenges that emerge in automatic differentiation and numerical integration in various tasks now tackled by physics-informed neural networks (PINNs). Specifically, we illustrate how…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-07-29 Josef Daněk , Jan Pospíšil

Solving analytically intractable partial differential equations (PDEs) that involve at least one variable defined on an unbounded domain arises in numerous physical applications. Accurately solving unbounded domain PDEs requires efficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Mingtao Xia , Lucas Böttcher , Tom Chou

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have enabled significant improvements in modelling physical processes described by partial differential equations (PDEs). PINNs are based on simple architectures, and learn the behavior of complex…

Inverse problems arise across scientific and engineering domains, where the goal is to infer hidden parameters or physical fields from indirect and noisy observations. Classical approaches, such as variational regularization and Bayesian…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-03 Ali Mohammad-Djafari , Ning Chu , Li Wang
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