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An outstanding open issue in our quest for physics beyond Einstein is the unification of general relativity (GR) and quantum physics. Loop quantum gravity (LQG) is a leading approach toward this goal. At its heart is the central lesson of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-04-12 Abhay Ashtekar , Eugenio Bianchi

Quantum cosmology is traditionally formulated in a minisuperspace setting, implicitly averaging fields over space to obtain homogeneous models. For universal reasons related to the uncertainty principle, quantum corrections then depend on…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-06-05 Martin Bojowald

We demonstrate how holonomy corrections in loop quantum cosmology (LQC) prevent the Big Rip singularity by introducing a quadratic modification in terms of the energy density $\rho$ in the Friedmann equation in the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-12 Kazuharu Bamba , Jaume de Haro , Sergei D. Odintsov

We present a bounce universe in modified $f(Q,C)$ gravity considering linear as well as exponential form of gravity. Bounce cosmological models are introduced to remove the singularity problem of the early universe. A new quadratic boundary…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-08-07 Bhaswati Mandal , B. C. Paul

The $f(R, T)$ theory of gravity extends general relativity (GR) by allowing the gravitational Lagrangian to depend on both the Ricci scalar $R$ and the trace of the energy-momentum tensor $T$. The resulting matter-geometry coupling…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-02-16 Serkan Doruk Hazinedar , Yaghoub Heydarzade , Shahram Jalalzadeh

In this work we construct a noncommutative version of the Friedmann equations in the framework of effective loop quantum cosmology, extending and applying the ideas presented in a previous proposal by some of the authors. The model under…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-11-05 Luis Rey Díaz-Barrón , Abraham Espinoza-García , S. Pérez-Payán , J. Socorro

Within loop quantum gravity we construct a coarse-grained approximation for the Einstein-Maxwell theory that yields effective Maxwell equations in flat spacetime comprising Planck scale corrections. The corresponding Hamiltonian is defined…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-07 Jorge Alfaro , Hugo A. Morales-Técotl , Luis F. Urrutia

Within the framework of loop quantum cosmology, there exists a semi-classical regime where spacetime may be approximated in terms of a continuous manifold, but where the standard Friedmann equations of classical Einstein gravity receive…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 James E. Lidsey

We examine the nature of the cosmological big-bounce (BB) transition within the loop geometry underlying Loop Quantum Cosmology (LQC) at classical and quantum levels. Our canonical quantization method is an alternative to the standard LQC.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-05-14 Wlodzimierz Piechocki

We consider an isotropic and homogeneous universe in loop quantum cosmology. We assume that the matter content of the universe is dominated by dust matter in early time and a phantom matter at late time which constitutes the dark energy…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-05-26 Yaser Tavakoli , Julio C. Fabris

Loop quantum cosmology (LQC) predicts a nonsingular evolution of the universe through a bounce in the high energy region. But LQC has an ambiguity about the quantization scheme. Recently, the authors in [Phys. Rev. D 77, 124008 (2008)]…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-18 Li-Fang Li , Jian-Yang Zhu

We provide an analytical solution to the quantum dynamics of a flat Friedmann-Lema\^itre- Robertson-Walker model with a massless scalar field in the presence of a small and positive cosmological constant, in the context of Loop Quantum…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-02-06 Mercedes Martín-Benito , Rita B. Neves

The global dynamics of a homogeneous universe in Loop Quantum Cosmology is viewed as a scattering process of its geometrodynamical equivalent. This picture is applied to build a flexible (easy to generalize) and not restricted just to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-04-22 Wojciech Kaminski , Tomasz Pawlowski

In this paper, we study the dynamics of k-essence in loop quantum cosmology (LQC). The study indicates that the loop quantum gravity (LQG) effect plays a key role only in the early epoch of the universe and is diluted at the later stage.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-05-26 Jiali Shi , Jian-Pin Wu

The investigation of quantum gravity effects in order to avoid the big bang singularity is a requisite, so that the idea of oscillating universes is introduced as an alternative for standard cosmological model. Therefore, the Friedmann…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-04-18 Amin. Salehi , Mojtaba. Mahmoudi fard

Aspects of the full theory of loop quantum gravity can be studied in a simpler context by reducing to symmetric models like cosmological ones. This leads to several applications where loop effects play a significant role when one is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-17 Martin Bojowald

The spatially flat and isotropic cosmological model of Brans-Dicke theory with coupling parameter $\omega\neq-3/2$ is quantized by the approach of loop quantum cosmology. An interesting feature of this model is that, although the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-04-16 Xiangdong Zhang , Michal Artymowski , Yongge Ma

We consider a k=0 Friedman-Robertson-Walker (FRW) model within loop quantum cosmology (LQC) and explore the issue of its semiclassical limit. The model is exactly solvable and allows us to construct analytical (Gaussian) coherent-state…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-10-08 Alejandro Corichi , Edison Montoya

Loop quantum gravity and cosmology are reviewed with an emphasis on evaluating the dynamics, rather than constructing it. The three crucial parts of such an analysis are (i) deriving effective equations, (ii) controlling the theory's…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-01-31 Martin Bojowald

The basic idea of the LQC applies to every spatially homogeneous cosmological model, however only the spatially flat (so called $k=0$) case has been understood in detail in the literature thus far. In the closed (so called: k=1) case…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Lukasz Szulc , Wojciech Kaminski , Jerzy Lewandowski