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The worldwide variation in vegetation height is fundamental to the global carbon cycle and central to the functioning of ecosystems and their biodiversity. Geospatially explicit and, ideally, highly resolved information is required to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-19 Nico Lang , Walter Jetz , Konrad Schindler , Jan Dirk Wegner

Vegetation structure mapping is critical for understanding the global carbon cycle and monitoring nature-based approaches to climate adaptation and mitigation. Repeated measurements of these data allow for the observation of deforestation…

Accurate forest canopy height estimation is essential for evaluating aboveground biomass and carbon stock dynamics, supporting ecosystem monitoring services like timber provisioning, climate change mitigation, and biodiversity conservation.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Jose B. Castro , Cheryl Rogers , Camile Sothe , Dominic Cyr , Alemu Gonsamo

Regular measurement of carbon stock in the world's forests is critical for carbon accounting and reporting under national and international climate initiatives, and for scientific research, but has been largely limited in scalability and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Manuel Weber , Carly Beneke , Clyde Wheeler

With the rise in global greenhouse gas emissions, accurate large-scale tree canopy height maps are essential for understanding forest structure, estimating above-ground biomass, and monitoring ecological disruptions. To this end, we present…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Jan Pauls , Max Zimmer , Berkant Turan , Sassan Saatchi , Philippe Ciais , Sebastian Pokutta , Fabian Gieseke

We propose a framework for global-scale canopy height estimation based on satellite data. Our model leverages advanced data preprocessing techniques, resorts to a novel loss function designed to counter geolocation inaccuracies inherent in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Jan Pauls , Max Zimmer , Una M. Kelly , Martin Schwartz , Sassan Saatchi , Philippe Ciais , Sebastian Pokutta , Martin Brandt , Fabian Gieseke

Scattered trees outside of dense, closed-canopy forests are very important for carbon sequestration, supporting livelihoods, maintaining ecosystem integrity, and climate change adaptation and mitigation. In contrast to trees inside of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-02-03 John Brandt , Fred Stolle

Tree height estimation serves as an important proxy for biomass estimation in ecological and forestry applications. While traditional methods such as photogrammetry and Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) offer accurate height measurements,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Grace Colverd , Jumpei Takami , Laura Schade , Karol Bot , Joseph A. Gallego-Mejia

Accurately estimating forest biomass is crucial for global carbon cycle modelling and climate change mitigation. Tree height, a key factor in biomass calculations, can be measured using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) technology. This study…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Grace Colverd , Jumpei Takami , Laura Schade , Karol Bot , Joseph A. Gallego-Mejia

Information on urban tree canopies is fundamental to mitigating climate change [1] as well as improving quality of life [2]. Urban tree planting initiatives face a lack of up-to-date data about the horizontal and vertical dimensions of the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-13 John Francis , Stephen Law

An increasing amount of companies and cities plan to become CO2-neutral, which requires them to invest in renewable energies and carbon emission offsetting solutions. One of the cheapest carbon offsetting solutions is preventing…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-12-18 Björn Lütjens , Lucas Liebenwein , Katharina Kramer

NASA's Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) is a key climate mission whose goal is to advance our understanding of the role of forests in the global carbon cycle. While GEDI is the first space-based LIDAR explicitly optimized to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-05 Nico Lang , Nikolai Kalischek , John Armston , Konrad Schindler , Ralph Dubayah , Jan Dirk Wegner

Accurate canopy height information is essential for quantifying forest carbon, monitoring restoration and degradation, and assessing habitat structure, yet high-fidelity measurements from airborne laser scanning (ALS) remain unevenly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-09 John Brandt , Seungeun Yi , Jamie Tolan , Xinyuan Li , Peter Potapov , Jessica Ertel , Justine Spore , Huy V. Vo , Michaël Ramamonjisoa , Patrick Labatut , Piotr Bojanowski , Camille Couprie

In intensively managed forests in Europe, where forests are divided into stands of small size and may show heterogeneity within stands, a high spatial resolution (10 - 20 meters) is arguably needed to capture the differences in canopy…

Forest carbon offsets are increasingly popular and can play a significant role in financing climate mitigation, forest conservation, and reforestation. Measuring how much carbon is stored in forests is, however, still largely done via…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-20 Gyri Reiersen , David Dao , Björn Lütjens , Konstantin Klemmer , Xiaoxiang Zhu , Ce Zhang

Forest monitoring is critical for climate change mitigation. However, existing global tree height maps provide only static snapshots and do not capture temporal forest dynamics, which are essential for accurate carbon accounting. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Jan Pauls , Karsten Schrödter , Sven Ligensa , Martin Schwartz , Berkant Turan , Max Zimmer , Sassan Saatchi , Sebastian Pokutta , Philippe Ciais , Fabian Gieseke

Forest biomass is a key influence for future climate, and the world urgently needs highly scalable financing schemes, such as carbon offsetting certifications, to protect and restore forests. Current manual forest carbon stock inventory…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Gyri Reiersen , David Dao , Björn Lütjens , Konstantin Klemmer , Kenza Amara , Attila Steinegger , Ce Zhang , Xiaoxiang Zhu

Understanding historical forest dynamics, specifically changes in forest biomass and carbon stocks, has become critical for assessing current forest climate benefits and projecting future benefits under various policy, regulatory, and…

Applications · Statistics 2023-08-29 Lucas K. Johnson , Michael J. Mahoney , Madeleine L. Desrochers , Colin M. Beier

High-resolution mapping of canopy height is essential for forest management and biodiversity monitoring. Although recent studies have led to the advent of deep learning methods using satellite imagery to predict height maps, these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Thomas Boudras , Martin Schwartz , Rasmus Fensholt , Martin Brandt , Ibrahim Fayad , Jean-Pierre Wigneron , Gabriel Belouze , Fajwel Fogel , Philippe Ciais

Monitoring tree crop expansion is vital for zero-deforestation policies like the European Union's Regulation on Deforestation-free Products (EUDR). However, these efforts are hindered by a lack of highresolution data distinguishing diverse…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Yuchang Jiang , Anton Raichuk , Xiaoye Tong , Vivien Sainte Fare Garnot , Daniel Ortiz-Gonzalo , Dan Morris , Konrad Schindler , Jan Dirk Wegner , Maxim Neumann
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