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Self-supervised learning provides an opportunity to explore unlabeled chest X-rays and their associated free-text reports accumulated in clinical routine without manual supervision. This paper proposes a Joint Image Text Representation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Zhanghexuan Ji , Mohammad Abuzar Shaikh , Dana Moukheiber , Sargur Srihari , Yifan Peng , Mingchen Gao

Medical vision-language models (VLMs) achieve strong performance in diagnostic reporting and image-text alignment, yet their underlying reasoning mechanisms remain fundamentally correlational, exhibiting reliance on superficial statistical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Weiqin Yang , Haowen Xue , Qingyi Peng , Hexuan Hu , Qian Huang , Tingbo Zhang

Recently, discrete latent variable models have received a surge of interest in both Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Computer Vision (CV), attributed to their comparable performance to the continuous counterparts in representation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Erxin Yu , Lan Du , Yuan Jin , Zhepei Wei , Yi Chang

The chest X-Ray (CXR) is the one of the most common clinical exam used to diagnose thoracic diseases and abnormalities. The volume of CXR scans generated daily in hospitals is huge. Therefore, an automated diagnosis system able to save the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-19 Shuai Zhang , Xiaoyan Xin , Yang Wang , Yachong Guo , Qiuqiao Hao , Xianfeng Yang , Jun Wang , Jian Zhang , Bing Zhang , Wei Wang

In many fields$\unicode{x2013}$including genomics, epidemiology, natural language processing, social and behavioral sciences, and economics$\unicode{x2013}$it is increasingly important to address causal questions in the context of factor…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-30 Jenna M. Landy , Dafne Zorzetto , Roberta De Vito , Giovanni Parmigiani

Attention mechanisms have attracted considerable interest in image captioning because of its powerful performance. Existing attention-based models use feedback information from the caption generator as guidance to determine which of the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-07-11 Zhihao Zhu , Zhan Xue , Zejian Yuan

Interpreting chest X-rays is inherently challenging due to the overlap between anatomical structures and the subtle presentation of many clinically significant pathologies, making accurate diagnosis time-consuming even for experienced…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Shantam Srivastava , Mahesh Bhosale , David Doermann , Mingchen Gao

Counterfactual medical image generation have emerged as a critical tool for enhancing AI-driven systems in medical domain by answering "what-if" questions. However, existing approaches face two fundamental limitations: First, they fail to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Hyungi Min , Taeseung You , Hangyeul Lee , Yeongjae Cho , Sungzoon Cho

Automatically generating natural language descriptions from an image is a challenging problem in artificial intelligence that requires a good understanding of the visual and textual signals and the correlations between them. The…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-08-07 Arushi Goel , Basura Fernando , Thanh-Son Nguyen , Hakan Bilen

Deep generative models have significantly advanced medical imaging analysis by enhancing dataset size and quality. Beyond mere data augmentation, our research in this paper highlights an additional, significant capacity of deep generative…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Xiaodan Xing , Junzhi Ning , Yang Nan , Guang Yang

Visual attribution in medical imaging seeks to make evident the diagnostically-relevant components of a medical image, in contrast to the more common detection of diseased tissue deployed in standard machine vision pipelines (which are less…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-04 Ammar A. Siddiqui , Santosh Tirunagari , Tehseen Zia , David Windridge

Automated radiographic report generation is a challenging cross-domain task that aims to automatically generate accurate and semantic-coherence reports to describe medical images. Despite the recent progress in this field, there are still…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Zhanyu Wang , Mingkang Tang , Lei Wang , Xiu Li , Luping Zhou

Expert radiologists visually scan Chest X-Ray (CXR) images, sequentially fixating on anatomical structures to perform disease diagnosis. An automatic multi-label classifier of diseases in CXR images can benefit by incorporating aspects of…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-04 Ashish Verma , Aupendu Kar , Krishnendu Ghosh , Sobhan Kanti Dhara , Debashis Sen , Prabir Kumar Biswas

Medical report generation has achieved remarkable advancements yet has still been faced with several challenges. First, the inherent imbalance in the distribution of normal and abnormal cases may lead models to exhibit a biased focus on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Zhixuan Chen , Luyang Luo , Yequan Bie , Hao Chen

Topic models and all their variants analyse text by learning meaningful representations through word co-occurrences. As pointed out by Williamson et al. (2010), such models implicitly assume that the probability of a topic to be active and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-27 Kostadin Cvejoski , Ramsés J. Sánchez , César Ojeda

Network-based procedures for topic detection in huge text collections offer an intuitive alternative to probabilistic topic models. We present in detail a method that is especially designed with the requirements of domain experts in mind.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-27 Andreas Hamm , Simon Odrowski

The excellent text-to-image synthesis capability of diffusion models has driven progress in synthesizing coherent visual stories. The current state-of-the-art method combines the features of historical captions, historical frames, and the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-07 Tianyi Song , Jiuxin Cao , Kun Wang , Bo Liu , Xiaofeng Zhang

Radiology reports play a critical role in communicating medical findings to physicians. In each report, the impression section summarizes essential radiology findings. In clinical practice, writing impression is highly demanded yet…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Jinpeng Hu , Jianling Li , Zhihong Chen , Yaling Shen , Yan Song , Xiang Wan , Tsung-Hui Chang

Lesion segmentation is inherently influenced by imaging uncertainty, arising from ill-defined lesion boundaries and inter-observer variability in diagnosis. To address this challenge, previous works formulated the multi-rater medical image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Ke Liu , Shangde Gao , Yichao Fu , Shuaike Shen , Shangqi Gao , Chunhua Shen

To effectively train medical students to become qualified radiologists, a large number of X-ray images collected from patients with diverse medical conditions are needed. However, due to data privacy concerns, such images are typically…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-19 Xingyi Yang , Nandiraju Gireesh , Eric Xing , Pengtao Xie