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Noise causes severe difficulties in implementing quantum computing and quantum cryptography. Several schemes have been suggested to reduce this problem, mainly focusing on quantum computation. Motivated by quantum cryptography, we suggest a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 T. Mor

Quantum mechanical problems are among the hardest to simulate and, in some cases, remain intractable even for the most powerful computers. Quantum computing has emerged as a new technological platform to address such challenges, with rapid…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-01 Alexander Miessen

Virtual distillation is a technique that aims to mitigate errors in noisy quantum computers. It works by preparing multiple copies of a noisy quantum state, bridging them through a circuit, and conducting measurements. As the number of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-11 Peiyi Li , Ji Liu , Hrushikesh Pramod Patil , Paul Hovland , Huiyang Zhou

Quantum error mitigation (QEM) is critical in reducing the impact of noise in the pre-fault-tolerant era, and is expected to complement error correction in fault-tolerant quantum computing (FTQC). In this paper, we propose a novel QEM…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-09 Hrushikesh Pramod Patil , Dror Baron , Huiyang Zhou

Proposals for quantum computing devices are many and varied. They each have unique noise processes that make none of them fully reliable at this time. There are several error correction/avoidance techniques which are valuable for reducing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Mark S. Byrd , Daniel A. Lidar

One of the largest obstacles to building a quantum computer is gate error, where the physical evolution of the state of a qubit or group of qubits during a gate operation does not match the intended unitary transformation. Gate error stems…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-02-07 Eliot Kapit

Quantum computing is a game-changing technology for global academia, research centers and industries including computational science, mathematics, finance, pharmaceutical, materials science, chemistry and cryptography. Although it has seen…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-07 He-Liang Huang , Xiao-Yue Xu , Chu Guo , Guojing Tian , Shi-Jie Wei , Xiaoming Sun , Wan-Su Bao , Gui-Lu Long

Error mitigation will play an important role in practical applications of near-term noisy quantum computers. Current error mitigation methods typically concentrate on correction quality at the expense of frugality (as measured by the number…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-08 Piotr Czarnik , Michael McKerns , Andrew T. Sornborger , Lukasz Cincio

The stabilization of a quantum computer by repeated error correction can be reduced almost entirely to repeated preparation of blocks of qubits in quantum codeword states. These are multi-particle entangled states with a high degree of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Andrew M. Steane

The main ideas of quantum error correction are introduced. These are encoding, extraction of syndromes, error operators, and code construction. It is shown that general noise and relaxation of a set of 2-state quantum systems can always be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. M. Steane

Learning problems involving quantum data are natural candidates for demonstrating an advantage in quantum machine learning. Recent results indicate that, for certain tasks and under noiseless conditions, coherent processing of quantum data…

Several techniques have been recently introduced to mitigate errors in near-term quantum computers without the overhead required by quantum error correcting codes. While most of the focus has been on gate errors, measurement errors are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-10 Michael R. Geller

We describe a resource-efficient approach to studying many-body quantum states on noisy, intermediate-scale quantum devices. We employ a sequential generation model that allows us to bound the range of correlations in the resulting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-05 Johannes Borregaard , Matthias Christandl , Daniel Stilck França

Quantum error mitigation(QEM), an error suppression strategy without the need for additional ancilla qubits for noisy intermediate-scale quantum~(NISQ) devices, presents a promising avenue for realizing quantum speedups of quantum computing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-28 Ke Wang , Xiantao Li

When noisy intermediate scalable quantum (NISQ) devices are applied in information processing, all of the stages through preparation, manipulation, and measurement of multipartite qubit states contain various types of noise that are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-16 Hyeokjea Kwon , Joonwoo Bae

Achieving quantum speedups in practical tasks remains challenging for current noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. These devices always encounter significant obstacles such as inevitable physical errors and the limited…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-28 Riki Toshio , Yutaro Akahoshi , Jun Fujisaki , Hirotaka Oshima , Shintaro Sato , Keisuke Fujii

Noise in existing quantum processors only enables an approximation to ideal quantum computation. However, these approximations can be vastly improved by error mitigation, for the computation of expectation values, as shown by small-scale…

Quantum error mitigation (QEM) is typically viewed as a suite of practical techniques for today's noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices, with limited relevance once fault-tolerant quantum computers become available. In this work, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-11 Zeyuan Zhou , Shaun Pexton , Aleksander Kubica , Yongshan Ding

Decoherence and gate errors severely limit the capabilities of state-of-the-art quantum computers. This work introduces a strategy for reference-state error mitigation (REM) of quantum chemistry that can be straightforwardly implemented on…

Quantum error mitigation (QEM) strategies are essential for improving the precision and reliability of quantum chemistry algorithms on noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices. Reference-state error mitigation (REM) is a cost-effective…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-22 Hang Zou , Erika Magnusson , Hampus Brunander , Werner Dobrautz , Martin Rahm