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The behavior of a GP regression depends on the choice of covariance function. Stationary covariance functions are preferred in machine learning applications. However, (non-periodic) stationary covariance functions are always mean reverting…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-05-16 Luca Ambrogioni

Kernel methods are among the most popular techniques in machine learning. From a frequentist/discriminative perspective they play a central role in regularization theory as they provide a natural choice for the hypotheses space and the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2012-04-17 Mauricio A. Alvarez , Lorenzo Rosasco , Neil D. Lawrence

Gaussian process (GP) regression provides a flexible, nonparametric framework for probabilistic modeling, yet remains computationally demanding in large-scale applications. For one-dimensional data, state space (SS) models achieve…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-07 Liang Ding , Rui Tuo , Lu Zhou

We study embeddings between reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces $H(K)$ of functions of $d \in \mathbb{N} \cup \{\infty\}$ variables. The kernels $K$ are superpositions of weighted finite tensor products of a fixed univariate kernel. The basic…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-05-01 Michael Gnewuch , Peter Kritzer , Klaus Ritter

We consider conditions on a given system $\mathcal{F}$ of vectors in Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}$, forming a frame, which turn $\mathcal{H}$ into a reproducing kernel Hilbert space. It is assumed that the vectors in $\mathcal{F}$ are…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2016-06-16 Palle E. T. Jorgensen , Myung-Sin Song

The matrix Whittaker kernel has been introduced by A. Borodin in Part IV of the present series of papers. This kernel describes a point process -- a probability measure on a space of countable point configurations. The kernel is expressed…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Grigori Olshanski

Reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces are uniquely characterized by their kernel, but reproducing kernel Banach spaces (RKBS) are not. However, a characterization of which RKBS admit a given kernel as reproducing kernel is lacking. This work…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2026-03-31 Tjeerd Jan Heeringa

Early approaches to multiple-output Gaussian processes (MOGPs) relied on linear combinations of independent, latent, single-output Gaussian processes (GPs). This resulted in cross-covariance functions with limited parametric interpretation,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-11-07 Gabriel Parra , Felipe Tobar

We start with a brief survey on H\"offding's kernels, its properties, related spectral decompositions, and discuss marginal distributions of H\"offding measures. In the second part of this note, one-dimensional covariance representations…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-04-01 Sergey G. Bobkov , Devraj Duggal

We study integro-differential inclusions in Hilbert spaces with operator-valued kernels and give sufficient conditions for the well-posedness. We show that several types of integro-differential equations and inclusions are covered by the…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2015-06-17 Sascha Trostorff

We study classes of reproducing kernels $K$ on general domains; these are kernels which arise commonly in machine learning models; models based on certain families of reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces. They are the positive definite kernels…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2017-08-22 Palle Jorgensen , Feng Tian

Marginalising over families of Gaussian Process kernels produces flexible model classes with well-calibrated uncertainty estimates. Existing approaches require likelihood evaluations of many kernels, rendering them prohibitively expensive…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-03-16 Saad Hamid , Sebastian Schulze , Michael A. Osborne , Stephen J. Roberts

Gaussian processes are rich distributions over functions, which provide a Bayesian nonparametric approach to smoothing and interpolation. We introduce simple closed form kernels that can be used with Gaussian processes to discover patterns…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-01-03 Andrew Gordon Wilson , Ryan Prescott Adams

Spectral approximation and variational inducing learning for the Gaussian process are two popular methods to reduce computational complexity. However, in previous research, those methods always tend to adopt the orthonormal basis functions,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-07-15 Wenqi Fang , Guanlin Wu , Jingjing Li , Zheng Wang , Jiang Cao , Yang Ping

For a wide class of continuous-time Markov processes, including all irreducible hypoelliptic diffusions evolving on an open, connected subset of $\RL^d$, the following are shown to be equivalent: (i) The process satisfies (a slightly weaker…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-04-27 Ioannis Kontoyiannis , Sean P. Meyn

In this note, we introduce a family of "power sum" kernels and the corresponding Gaussian processes on symmetric groups $\mathrm{S}_n$. Such processes are bi-invariant: the action of $\mathrm{S}_n$ on itself from both sides does not change…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-11-29 Iskander Azangulov , Viacheslav Borovitskiy , Andrei Smolensky

The set of covariance matrices of a continuous-variable quantum system with a finite number of degrees of freedom is a strict subset of the set of real positive-definite matrices due to Heisenberg's uncertainty principle. This has the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-21 Arik Avagyan

We offer new results and new directions in the study of operator-valued kernels and their factorizations. Our approach provides both more explicit realizations and new results, as well as new applications. These include: (i) an explicit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-04 Palle E. T. Jorgensen , James Tian

We introduce a novel kernel that models input-dependent couplings across multiple latent processes. The pairwise joint kernel measures covariance along inputs and across different latent signals in a mutually-dependent fashion. A latent…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-10-04 Sami Remes , Markus Heinonen , Samuel Kaski

Gaussian processes (GPs) are the most common formalism for defining probability distributions over spaces of functions. While applications of GPs are myriad, a comprehensive understanding of GP sample paths, i.e. the function spaces over…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Nathaël Da Costa , Marvin Pförtner , Lancelot Da Costa , Philipp Hennig