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Reversible exchange of photons between a material and an optical cavity can lead to the formation of hybrid light--matter states where material properties such as the work function\cite{Hutchison_AM2013a}, chemical…

When light and matter interact strongly, the resulting hybrid system inherits properties from both constituents, allowing one to modify material behavior by engineering the surrounding electromagnetic environment. This concept underlies the…

Radiation-matter hybridization allows atoms to serve as mediators of effective interactions between light modes and, conversely, to interact among themselves via light. Here we exploit the spatial structure of atomic ensembles to control…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-06 Carlos E. Máximo , Romain Bachelard , Tobias Donner

The way molecules absorb, transfer, and emit light can be modified by coupling them to optical cavities. The extent of the modification is often defined by the cavity-molecule coupling strength, which depends on the number of coupled…

Optics · Physics 2021-06-11 Adarsh B Vasista , Kishan S Menghrajani , William L Barnes

This study investigates the dynamic behavior of polaritons in an optical cavity containing one million molecules, emphasizing the influence of molecular rotation and level disorder on the coupling between molecules and photons. Through…

Optics · Physics 2024-02-22 Wei Liu , Jingqi Chen , Wenjie Dou

Strong light-matter coupling occurs when the coupling strength between a confined electromagnetic mode and a molecular resonance exceeds losses to the environment. The study of strong coupling has been motivated by applications such as…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-04-27 Philip A. Thomas , Kishan S. Menghrajani , William L. Barnes

When the interaction between a molecular system and confined light modes in an optical or plasmonic cavity is strong enough to overcome the dissipative process, hybrid light-matter states (polaritons) become the fundamental excitations in…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2020-01-08 Yu Zhang , Tammie Nelson , Sergei Tretiak

This review outlines several linear optical effects featured by molecular polaritons arising in the collective strong light-matter coupling regime. Under weak laser irradiation and when the single-molecule light-matter coupling can be…

When atoms come together and bond, we call these new states molecules, and their properties determine many aspects of our daily life. Strangely enough, it is conceivable for light and molecules to bond, creating new hybrid light-matter…

Materials Science · Physics 2018-02-19 Branko Kolaric , Bjorn Maes , Koen Clays , Thomas Durt , Yves Caudano

Vibrational polaritons are formed by strong coupling of molecular vibrations and photon modes in an optical cavity. Experiments have demonstrated that vibrational strong coupling can change molecular properties and even affect chemical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-14 Thomas Schnappinger , Cyril Falvo , Markus Kowalewski

Optical microcavities and metallic nanostructures have been shown to significantly modulate the dynamics and spectroscopic response of molecular systems. We present a study of the nonlinear optics of a model consisting of $N$ anharmonic…

Controlling chemical and material properties through strong light-matter coupling in optical cavities has gained considerable attention over the past decade. However, the underlying mechanisms remain insufficiently understood, and a…

Starting from a microscopic model, we investigate the optical spectra of molecules in strongly-coupled organic microcavities examining how they might self-consistently adapt their coupling to light. We consider both rotational and…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2016-03-25 Justyna A. Cwik , Peter Kirton , Simone De Liberato , Jonathan Keeling

Photonic resonances are a powerful tool for controlling light-matter interactions. However, unlocking many of the most scientifically intriguing and technologically promising phenomena requires entering the strong coupling regime, where…

Controlling light-matter interactions is emerging as a powerful strategy to enhance the performance of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). By embedding the emissive layer in planar microcavities or other modified optical environments,…

Materials Science · Physics 2026-02-06 Olli Siltanen , Kimmo Luoma , Konstantinos S. Daskalakis

Coherent light-matter interactions between a quantum gas and light in a high-finesse cavity can drive self-ordering phase transitions. To date, such phenomena have involved exclusively single-atom coupling to light, resulting in coupled…

Organic microcavities are photonic nanostructures that strongly confine the electromagnetic field, allowing exotic quantum regimes of light-matter interaction with disordered organic semiconductors. The unambiguous interpretation of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-06-07 Felipe Herrera , Frank C. Spano

Strong light-matter coupling provides a versatile and novel means to manipulate chemical processes. Here we develop a theoretical framework to investigate the spectroscopy and dynamics of a molecular ensemble embedded in an optical cavity…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-16 Bing Gu

Strong light-matter coupling in Fabry-Perot cavities can modify ground-state molecular reactivity, charge and energy transport, while modifications to single-molecule properties have not been observed experimentally. The mechanisms and…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-09-23 Niclas Krupp , Moritz Huber , Cheng Luo , Oriol Vendrell

The light-matter interaction can be utilized to qualitatively alter physical properties of materials. Recent theoretical and experimental studies have explored this possibility of controlling matter by light based on driving many-body…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2020-11-11 Yuto Ashida , Atac Imamoglu , Jerome Faist , Dieter Jaksch , Andrea Cavalleri , Eugene Demler