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When deployed in the real world, machine learning models inevitably encounter changes in the data distribution, and certain -- but not all -- distribution shifts could result in significant performance degradation. In practice, it may make…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-05-06 Aleksandr Podkopaev , Aaditya Ramdas

Object counting models suffer when deployed across domains with differing density variety, since density shifts are inherently task-relevant and violate standard domain adaptation assumptions. To address this, we propose a theoretical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Zhuonan Liang , Dongnan Liu , Jianan Fan , Yaxuan Song , Qiang Qu , Runnan Chen , Yu Yao , Peng Fu , Weidong Cai

Shifts in data distribution can substantially harm the performance of clinical AI models and lead to misdiagnosis. Hence, various methods have been developed to detect the presence of such shifts at deployment time. However, the root causes…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Mélanie Roschewitz , Raghav Mehta , Charles Jones , Ben Glocker

As input data distributions evolve, the predictive performance of machine learning models tends to deteriorate. In the past, predictive performance was considered the key indicator to monitor. However, explanation aspects have come to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Carlos Mougan , Klaus Broelemann , Gjergji Kasneci , Thanassis Tiropanis , Steffen Staab

Real-world deployment of machine learning models is challenging because data evolves over time. While no model can work when data evolves in an arbitrary fashion, if there is some pattern to these changes, we might be able to design methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Rasool Fakoor , Jonas Mueller , Zachary C. Lipton , Pratik Chaudhari , Alexander J. Smola

Changepoint detection is commonly formulated by minimizing the sum of in-sample losses to quantify the model's overall fit. However, for flexible modeling procedures -- especially those involving high-dimensional parameter spaces or…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-05 Chengde Qian , Guanghui Wang , Zhaojun Wang , Changliang Zou

Change-point detection studies the problem of detecting the changes in the underlying distribution of the data stream as soon as possible after the change happens. Modern large-scale, high-dimensional, and complex streaming data call for…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-06-05 Haoyun Wang , Yao Xie

The problem of identifying regions of spatially interesting, different or adversarial behavior is inherent to many practical applications involving distributed multisensor systems. In this work, we develop a general framework stemming from…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-14 Martin Gölz , Abdelhak M. Zoubir , Visa Koivunen

Change point detection in time series aims to identify moments when the probability distribution of time series changes. It is widely applied in many areas, such as human activity sensing and medical science. In the context of multivariate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Shanyun Gao , Raghavendra Addanki , Tong Yu , Ryan A. Rossi , Murat Kocaoglu

Distribution testing deals with what information can be deduced about an unknown distribution over $\{1,\ldots,n\}$, where the algorithm is only allowed to obtain a relatively small number of independent samples from the distribution. In…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2016-09-23 Eldar Fischer , Oded Lachish , Yadu Vasudev

We consider the testing and estimation of change-points -- locations where the distribution abruptly changes -- in a data sequence. A new approach, based on scan statistics utilizing graphs representing the similarity between observations,…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-02-18 Hao Chen , Nancy Zhang

Though deep neural networks have achieved impressive success on various vision tasks, obvious performance degradation still exists when models are tested in out-of-distribution scenarios. In addressing this limitation, we ponder that the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Xiaotong Li , Zixuan Hu , Jun Liu , Yixiao Ge , Yongxing Dai , Ling-Yu Duan

Modeling non-stationary data is a challenging problem in the field of continual learning, and data distribution shifts may result in negative consequences on the performance of a machine learning model. Classic learning tools are often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Sebastián Basterrech , Line Clemmensen , Gerardo Rubino

We consider the problem of goodness-of-fit testing for a model that has at least one unknown parameter that cannot be eliminated by transformation. Examples of such problems can be as simple as testing whether a sample consists of…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-04-28 Sean van der Merwe

Sequential change-point detection plays a critical role in numerous real-world applications, where timely identification of distributional shifts can greatly mitigate adverse outcomes. Classical methods commonly rely on parametric density…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-01-23 Wenbin Zhou , Liyan Xie , Zhigang Peng , Shixiang Zhu

We consider the problem of detecting distributional changes in a sequence of high dimensional data. Our approach combines two separate statistics stemming from $L_p$ norms whose behavior is similar under $H_0$ but potentially different…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-12-15 B. Cooper Boniece , Lajos Horváth , Peter Jacobs

The problem of sequential change diagnosis is considered, where observations are obtained on-line, an abrupt change occurs in their distribution, and the goal is to quickly detect the change and accurately identify the post-change…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-11-24 Austin Warner , Georgios Fellouris

It has been shown that instead of learning actual object features, deep networks tend to exploit non-robust (spurious) discriminative features that are shared between training and test sets. Therefore, while they achieve state of the art…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-11-19 Devansh Arpit , Caiming Xiong , Richard Socher

Most machine learning models operate under the assumption that the training, testing and deployment data is independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.). This assumption doesn't generally hold true in a natural setting. Usually, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Kumud Lakara , Akshat Bhandari , Pratinav Seth , Ujjwal Verma

Machine learning on data streams is increasingly more present in multiple domains. However, there is often data distribution shift that can lead machine learning models to make incorrect decisions. While there are automatic methods to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-02 João Palmeiro , Beatriz Malveiro , Rita Costa , David Polido , Ricardo Moreira , Pedro Bizarro