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In this paper we study the formal algebraic structure underlying the intrinsic classification algorithm, recently introduced by Hadani, Shkolnisky, Singer and Zhao, for classifying noisy projection images of similar viewing directions in…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2011-04-07 Ronny Hadani , Amit Singer

The understanding of protein structure, folding, and interaction with other proteins remains one of the grand challenges of modern biology. Tremendous progress has been made thanks to X-ray- or electron-based techniques that have provided…

Resolving the structural variability of proteins is often key to understanding the structure-function relationship of those macromolecular machines. Single particle analysis using Cryogenic electron microscopy (CryoEM), combined with…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2022-11-22 Muyuan Chen , Bogdan Toader , Roy Lederman

Cryo-Electron Tomography (cryo-ET) is a new 3D imaging technique with unprecedented potential for resolving submicron structural detail. Existing volume visualization methods, however, cannot cope with its very low signal-to-noise ratio. In…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2026-03-27 Ngan Nguyen , Ciril Bohak , Dominik Engel , Peter Mindek , Ondřej Strnad , Peter Wonka , Sai Li , Timo Ropinski , Ivan Viola

Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is a powerful technique in structural biology and drug discovery, enabling the study of biomolecules at high resolution. Significant advancements by structural biologists using cryo-EM have led to the…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-12-05 Yi Zhou , Yilai Li , Jing Yuan , Quanquan Gu

Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is capable of producing reconstructed 3D images of biomolecules at near-atomic resolution. As such, it represents one of the most promising imaging techniques in structural biology. However, raw cryo-EM…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2021-05-25 Nina Miolane , Frédéric Poitevin , Yee-Ting Li , Susan Holmes

The three-dimensional structure of proteins plays a crucial role in determining their function. Protein structure prediction methods, like AlphaFold, offer rapid access to a protein structure. However, large protein complexes cannot be…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-03-05 Gabriel Ducrocq , Lukas Grunewald , Sebastian Westenhoff , Fredrik Lindsten

Cellular Electron Cryotomography (CryoET) offers the ability to look inside cells and observe macromolecules frozen in action. A primary challenge for this technique is identifying and extracting the molecular components within the crowded…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2021-08-04 Muyuan Chen , Wei Dai , Ying Sun , Darius Jonasch , Cynthia Y He , Michael F. Schmid , Wah Chiu , Steven J Ludtke

Single particle electron cryomicroscopy (cryo-EM) allows for structures of proteins and protein complexes to be determined from images of non-crystalline specimens. Cryo-EM data analysis requires electron microscope images of randomly…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2015-11-23 Jianhua Zhao , Marcus A. Brubaker , Samir Benlekbir , John L. Rubinstein

The recent improvements in cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) in the past few years are now allowing to observe molecular complexes at atomic resolution. As a consequence, numerous structures derived from cryo-EM are now available in the…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2020-05-04 Mikael Trellet , Gydo van Zundert , Alexandre M. J. J. Bonvin

Cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) enables high resolution, three-dimensional reconstruction of biological structures, including membranes and membrane proteins. Identification of regions of interest (ROIs) is central to scientific imaging,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Xingyi Cheng , Julien Maufront , Aurélie Di Cicco , Daniël M. Pelt , Manuela Dezi , Daniel Lévy

Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) remains pivotal in structural biology, yet the task of protein particle picking, integral for 3D protein structure construction, is laden with manual inefficiencies. While recent AI tools such as Topaz and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Fei He , Zhiyuan Yang , Mingyue Gao , Biplab Poudel , Newgin Sam Ebin Sam Dhas , Rajan Gyawali , Ashwin Dhakal , Jianlin Cheng , Dong Xu

Aligning EM density maps and fitting atomic models are essential steps in single particle cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM), with recent methods leveraging various algorithms and machine learning tools. As aligning maps remains…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-11-03 Aryan Tajmir Riahi , Chenwei Zhang , James Chen , Anne Condon , Khanh Dao Duc

Cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) provides direct 3D visualization of macromolecules inside the cell, enabling analysis of their in situ morphology. This morphology can be regarded as an SE(3)-invariant, denoised volumetric representation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Mostofa Rafid Uddin , Mahek Vora , Qifeng Wu , Muyuan Chen , Min Xu

A common task in cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) data processing is to compare three-dimensional density maps of macromolecules. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for aligning three-dimensional density maps that exploits common…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-27 Yael Harpaz , Yoel Shkolnisky

Discovering the 3D atomic structure of molecules such as proteins and viruses is a fundamental research problem in biology and medicine. Electron Cryomicroscopy (Cryo-EM) is a promising vision-based technique for structure estimation which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-11-18 Marcus A. Brubaker , Ali Punjani , David J. Fleet

A crucial step in single particle analysis (SPA) of cryogenic electron microscopy (Cryo-EM), 2D classification and alignment takes a collection of noisy particle images to infer orientations and group similar images together. Averaging…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Supawit Chockchowwat , Chandrajit L. Bajaj

The past decade's "cryoEM revolution" has produced exponential growth in high-resolution structural data through advances in cryogenic electron microscopy (cryoEM) and tomography (cryoET). Deep learning integration into structural…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-07-29 Brady K. Zhou , Jason J. Hu , Jane K. J. Lee , Z. Hong Zhou , Demetri Terzopoulos

Formation, maintenance and physiology of high-density protein-enriched organized nanodomains, first observed in electron microscopy images, remains challenging to investigate due to their small sizes. However, these regions regulate…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2023-12-29 Pierre Parutto , Jennifer Heck , Martin Heine , David Holcman

In the past decade, deep conditional generative models have revolutionized the generation of realistic images, extending their application from entertainment to scientific domains. Single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Jiakai Zhang , Qihe Chen , Yan Zeng , Wenyuan Gao , Xuming He , Zhijie Liu , Jingyi Yu