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Recently, large language models such as GPT-2 have shown themselves to be extremely adept at text generation and have also been able to achieve high-quality results in many downstream NLP tasks such as text classification, sentiment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-22 Sam Witteveen , Martin Andrews

The recent rise in the popularity of large language models has spurred the development of extensive code datasets needed to train them. This has left limited code available for collection and use in the downstream investigation of specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Jonathan Katzy , Razvan Mihai Popescu , Arie van Deursen , Maliheh Izadi

When trained on large, unfiltered crawls from the internet, language models pick up and reproduce all kinds of undesirable biases that can be found in the data: they often generate racist, sexist, violent or otherwise toxic language. As…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-10 Timo Schick , Sahana Udupa , Hinrich Schütze

In sentence compression, the task of shortening sentences while retaining the original meaning, models tend to be trained on large corpora containing pairs of verbose and compressed sentences. To remove the need for paired corpora, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-11 Thibault Févry , Jason Phang

Building dense retrievers requires a series of standard procedures, including training and validating neural models and creating indexes for efficient search. However, these procedures are often misaligned in that training objectives do not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-26 Gyuwan Kim , Jinhyuk Lee , Barlas Oguz , Wenhan Xiong , Yizhe Zhang , Yashar Mehdad , William Yang Wang

Probing the multilingual knowledge of linguistic structure in LLMs, often characterized as sequence labeling, faces challenges with maintaining output templates in current text-to-text prompting strategies. To solve this, we introduce a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Ercong Nie , Shuzhou Yuan , Bolei Ma , Helmut Schmid , Michael Färber , Frauke Kreuter , Hinrich Schütze

Despite the known limitations, most machine translation systems today still operate on the sentence-level. One reason for this is, that most parallel training data is only sentence-level aligned, without document-level meta information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Frithjof Petrick , Christian Herold , Pavel Petrushkov , Shahram Khadivi , Hermann Ney

Many studies have shown various biases targeting different demographic groups in language models, amplifying discrimination and harming fairness. Recent parameter modification debiasing approaches significantly degrade core capabilities…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Dianqing Liu , Yi Liu , Guoqing Jin , Zhendong Mao

The real-world information sources are inherently multilingual, which naturally raises a question about whether language models can synthesize information across languages. In this paper, we introduce a simple two-hop question answering…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Yan Meng , Wafaa Mohammed , Christof Monz

Neural Machine Translation has achieved state-of-the-art performance for several language pairs using a combination of parallel and synthetic data. Synthetic data is often generated by back-translating sentences randomly sampled from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-24 Marzieh Fadaee , Christof Monz

Difficult problems, which often result in long reasoning traces, are widely recognized as key factors for enhancing the performance of reasoning models. However, such high-challenge problems are scarce, limiting the size of available…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Si Shen , Fei Huang , Zhixiao Zhao , Chang Liu , Tiansheng Zheng , Danhao Zhu

Text classification is one of the most widely studied tasks in natural language processing. Motivated by the principle of compositionality, large multilayer neural network models have been employed for this task in an attempt to effectively…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-07 Devendra Singh Sachan , Manzil Zaheer , Ruslan Salakhutdinov

In this paper, we investigate the problem of training neural machine translation (NMT) systems with a dataset of more than 40 billion bilingual sentence pairs, which is larger than the largest dataset to date by orders of magnitude.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Yuxian Meng , Xiangyuan Ren , Zijun Sun , Xiaoya Li , Arianna Yuan , Fei Wu , Jiwei Li

Lack of training data presents a grand challenge to scaling out spoken language understanding (SLU) to low-resource languages. Although various data augmentation approaches have been proposed to synthesize training data in low-resource…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-06 Yingmei Guo , Linjun Shou , Jian Pei , Ming Gong , Mingxing Xu , Zhiyong Wu , Daxin Jiang

Fact verification based on structured data is challenging as it requires models to understand both natural language and symbolic operations performed over tables. Although pre-trained language models have demonstrated a strong capability in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-24 Xiaoyu Yang , Xiaodan Zhu

It has become common to publish large (billion parameter) language models that have been trained on private datasets. This paper demonstrates that in such settings, an adversary can perform a training data extraction attack to recover…

Despite considerable advancements with deep neural language models, the enigma of neural text degeneration persists when these models are tested as text generators. The counter-intuitive empirical observation is that even though the use of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-18 Ari Holtzman , Jan Buys , Li Du , Maxwell Forbes , Yejin Choi

Language model fine-tuning is essential for modern natural language processing, but is computationally expensive and time-consuming. Further, the effectiveness of fine-tuning is limited by the inclusion of training examples that negatively…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-23 Richard Antonello , Nicole Beckage , Javier Turek , Alexander Huth

We present an easy and efficient method to extend existing sentence embedding models to new languages. This allows to create multilingual versions from previously monolingual models. The training is based on the idea that a translated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Nils Reimers , Iryna Gurevych

Large-scale language models achieved state-of-the-art performance over a number of language tasks. However, they fail on adversarial language examples, which are sentences optimized to fool the language models but with similar semantic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Noah Thomas McDermott , Junfeng Yang , Chengzhi Mao